, T425 
192Q 



BULLETIN 

OF THE 

STATE BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 

In Co-operation with the Federal Board for Vocational Education 



PROJECT STUDY OUTLINES 



ANNIE WEBB BLANTCN 

State Superintendent and Exeoutive Officer 
btate Board for Vocational Education 

C. L. DAVIS 

State Director of Agricultural Education 

J. H. HINDS 

Assistant Director of AgricuHural Education 

J. B. RUTLAND 

Assistant Director for Agricultural Education 




%i:;)*^A 



— «OD000CW»- 



BULLETIN 121 



SEPTEMBER 1. 1920 



ISSUED BY 

THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 
STATE OF TEXAS 



Mo^ 



BULLETIN 

OF THE 

STATE BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 

In Co-operation with the Federal Board for Vocational Education 



PROJECT STUDY OUTLINES 



BULLETIN 121 



ANNIE WEBB BLANTON 

State Superintendent and Executive OfBcer 
State Board for Vocational Education 

C. L. DAVIS 

State Director of Agricultural Education 

J. H. HINDS 

Assistant Director of Agricultural Education 

J. B. RUTLAND 

Assistant Director for Agricultural Education 




SEPTEMBER 1, 1920 



ISSUED BY 

THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 

1^ STATF OF TEXAS 

" A520-720-2M-L-V287 






FEDEEAL BOAED FOE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 
Washington, D. C. 



MEMBERS 



William B. Wilson, Chairman, 

Secretary of Labor 
Edwin T. Meeedith, 

Secretary of Agri(iulture 
Joshua W. Alexander, 

Secretary of Commerce 



James P. Munroe, Vice Chairman, 
Manufacture and Commei-ce 

Calvin F. McIntosh, 
Agriculture 

Abthxjb E. Holder, 
Labor 



P. P. Claxton, Commissioner of Education 

EXECUTIVE STAFF 

Layton S. Hawkins, Chief, Vocational Education Division 
Etjel W. Lamkin, Chief, Rehabilitation Division. 

EEGIONAL AGENTS FOE THE- SOUTHEEN. STATES 

Robert T. Maltby, Federal Agent for Agricultural Education 
H. O. Sargent, Federal Agent for Agricultural Education 
Roy Dimmitt, Federal Agent for Industrial Education 

STATE BOAED FOE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 

MEMBERS 
Austin, Texas 

William P. Hobby, Governor, Chairman 

Mark L. Wiginton, Comptroller 

C. D. Mims, Secretary of State 

Annie Webb Blanton, State Superintendent and Executive Officer 

STATE EXECUTIVE STAFF 

C. L. Davis, Director of Agricultural Education 

J. H. Hinds, Assistant Director of Agricultural Education 

J. B. Rutland, Assistant Director of Agricultural Education 

Jessie W. Harris, Director of Home Economics Education 

Lillian Peek, Assistant Director of Home Economics Education 

N. S. HuNSDON, Director of Industrial Education 

Lizzie M. Barbour, Assistant Director of Industrial Education 



rs, «f D. 
ocr 18 jyga 



r 



INTEODUCTION. 



Our visits as supervisors and teacher-trainers have resulted in the 
recognition of the need of a guide for directing the activities of the 
pupil as he tries to anticipate the problems that he will meet with in 
carrying out his project. It to often happens that a busy teacher does 
not have an opportunity of working out the study outline for a group 
of pupils who are taking a variety of projects. 

Some instructors feel that the pupils should be required to take the 
initiative in anticipating these problems and that any outlines sent out 
by the Department should be only for the use of the teacher. It is 
quite evident, however, that inexperienced pupils will not be able to 
anticipate all of the many problems that will arise, and that they will 
make many costly anl discouraging mistakes if left tO' their own de- 
vices. It is, therefore, a question of how much direction the pupil is 
to have and how this direction can best be given. We feel that lack 
of systematic directions has resulted in the loss of much tibne on the 
part of young pupils. This bulletin is put out with the hope of meet- 
ing this situation. It may be put into the hands of the pupils or used 
only by the teacher. 

The majority of the outlines in this bulletin have been prepared by 
the teachers of vocational agriculture in Texas, and are published with 
only slight modifications. Others have been prepared by teachers and 
supervisors in other States, and due credit is given. 



PROJECT STUDY OUTLINE OK CORK. 
By J. P. Bolton. 



I. Choice of Peoject. 

1. Is corn one of jthe best paying crops in 'this section ? 

2. Can I profitably market ray corn by feeding? By selling? 

3. Is there danger of my crops failing because of climatic conditions, 

insects^ or diseases? 

4. What financial outlay will be necessary for im.plements, fertilizers, 

and labor? 
•5. Is my plat suited to gromng corn? 

EEFEEENCES : 

1. Agricultural Instructor. 

2. Parent. 

3. Montgomery (The Corn Crops), pp. 57-73. 

4. Warren (Farm Management). 

II. Selection" and Caee of Seed Coen. 

1. Where and when shall I select my seed corn? 

2. What are the characteristics of the kind I need? 

3. Why should I select ears covered by the shuck? 

4. Shall I select ears from stalks of one, two or more ears? 
6. Shall I select from a large, small or medium stalk ? 

6. What are the characteristics of an ideal stalk? 

7. What are the characteristics of an ideal ear? 

8. What does the size, shape and color of the cob have to do with 

selection ? 

9. What is a typical kernel shape? 

10. What is going to determine the type I select? 

11. How much corn shall I select for seed? 

12. How shall I store my seed corn? 

13. What pests bother stored corn? 

14. How shall I control weevils ? . 



eefeeences : 

1. Farmers' Bulletins Kos. 415, 81, 428, 948, 915. 

2. Duggar' (Sou.thern Field Crops), pp. 112-150. 

III. Prepaeation" of Land. 

What soil conditions are necessary for a good seed bed? 
Shall I terrace my corn land? 
What is the result of plowing too wet? Too dry? 
How may I increase the water holding capacity? 



— 6— 



9. 
10. 

II, 



When shall I plow my land? 
What kind of plow shall I use ? 
How deep shall I plow my land? 

EEFEEENCES : 

1. Montg-omerv (The Corn Crop), pp. 161-168. 

8. Bureau of Plant Industry, Bulletin No. 320. 

3. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 230-237. 

• IV. Fertilizers. , 

How shall I fertilize my corn? 

What are the most important plant foods for corn? 

What are the requirements of my land ? 

Does my land have plenty of organic matter? 

Can the physical condition be improved? 

How shall I improve the physical condition of my soil? 

What kind of fertilizer shall I use? Commercial, barn-yard or 

green manure ? 
How shall I care for barn-yard manure? 
Shall I mix my fertilizers ? 
What do I save by mixing it myself? 
When shall I apply my fertilizer? 
Shall I use lime and how much? 



REFEEENCES : 

1. Farmers' Bulletin No. 537. 

2. Montgomery (The Corn Crops), pp. 129-150. 

3. S. C. Experiment Station Circular No. 8, 



V. Planthstg. 

Shall I test my seed corn? 

How shnll T plant corn? 

When shall I plant corn? 

How wide shall my rows be? 

WKnt shpll b? the distance between the stalks in tho drill : 

How much seed shall I plant per acre? 

Shall I plant with planter or by hand? 

How deep shall I plant my corn ? 

Does replanting pay? 



REFERENCES 



1. Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin No. 320. 

2. Montgomery (The Corn Crops),- pp. 161-196. 

3. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 

VI. ■ Diseases and Insects. 



238- 



Whpt insects and rodents damas-e corn at planting timer 
Sturlv the following: Cut worm control; wireworm control, 
rodent control. 



— 7— 

3. What insects attack corn after it is up? 

4. Do I know how to combat the following pests : Corn root louse ; 

chinch bug, corn ear worm, weevils, cornstalk borers; bud worms? 

5. What diseases attack corn ? 

REFERENCES : 

1. Montgcmerv (The Corn Crops), pp. 314-^20. 

2. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 264-271. 
■ 3. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 206-216. 

4. Harris & Stewart (Principles of Agronom}^), p. 204. 

5. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 739, 733, 915, 657, 427, 835. 

VII. CuLTrv^VTION". 

1. How. shall I cultivate my corn? 

2. When shall I cultivate my corn? 

3. How deep shall I cultivate my corn? 

4. What kind of plows shall I use? 

5. Shall I thin m}^ corn? 

6. How will rains vary my cultivation? 

7. What effect will a drouth have on cultivation? 

8. Shall I grow a companion crop with my corn ? 

9. When shall I "lay by" my corn ? 

REFERENCES : 

1. Farmers' Bulletins Kos. 729, 537, 773, 414. 

2. Montgomery (The Corn Crops), pp. 197-213. 

3. Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin No. 320. 

4. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 158-188. 

5. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 245-250. 

VIII. Harvesting and Storing. 

1. How is corn harvested in my community? 

2. How shall I harvest my corn: ears only; entire plant; top; strip 

fodder ? 

3. What effect Avill topping and stripping have on the grain yield? 

4. Which method furnishes most feed? 

5. When shall I harvest? 

6. Have I a place to store my corn? 

7. How should I store -my corn ? 



REFERENCES : 

Montgomery (The Corn Crop), pp. 222-248. 

Harris & Stewart (Principles of Agronomy), pp. 203- 

205. 
Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 189-205. 
Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 251-263. 



— 8— 

PEOJBCT STUDY OUTLINE ON COTTON. 
Adapted prom Texas Ageicultueal and Mechanical College. 



1. 

2. 



G. 



1. 
2 

3. 
4. 
5. 



1. 
2. 

3. 

4. 
5. 



I. Choice OF Peoject. 

Was the land chosen for my project planted in cotton last year? 
How does cotton compare with other crops as a money producer 

in this section? 
Is the land to be planted infested with any insects or diseases 

harmful to cotton, that are beyond my control? 
How often do climatic conditions cause the cotton crops to fail 

in this section? 
Do I have the necessary implements to produce a cotton crop 

economically ? 
Is my soil suited to cotton production? 

eefeeences : 

1. Agricultural Instructor. 

2. Parent. 

3. Neighbors. 

4. Experiment Station Bulletin No. 183. 

5. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 67-80. 

II. Seed Supply. 

What varieties do best in my community? 

Shall I use home-grown seed? 

What method of seed selection shall I use? 

What factors should be considered in selecting cotton seed? 

Is it safe to use seed for planting as they come from the gin? 

Shall I test my cotton seed? 

Do cotton seed require any special care in storing? 

eefeeences : 

1. Parmers' Bulletin No. 803. 

2. Davis (Productive Plant Husbandry), pp. 286-289. 

3. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 274-299. 

4. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 30-35. 

5. Hunt & Burkett (Soils and Crops), pp. 482-492. 

III. Peepaeation of Soil. 

Shall I cut and turn under the stalks or burn them ? 

How does each of the above practices ai¥ect the control of the 

boll weevil? 
When do the best cotton growers break their land? 
How deep shall I plow? 
Shall I turn up subsoil? 



-9— 



6. What tools will I need to prepare my soil? 

7. Shall I use a disc or harrow? 

8. Shall I roll or drag my land? 

9. In what condition should I have the seed bed? 

EEFEEENCES : 



1. Texas Experiment Station Bulletin No. 183. 

2. Farmers' Bulletin No. 364. 

3. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 315-318. 

4. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 67-80. 



9. 

10. 



IV. Feetilizeks. 

What are the principal elements that cotton require? 

In which of these is my soil likely to be deficient? 

Does my soil lack humus? 

Would lime aid in improving the physical condition? 

Has it paid to fertilize cotton in this community? 

Shall I use barn-yard manure or a commercial fertilizer? 

How shall I take care of the barn-yard manure and apply it? 

Shall I mix my own fertilizer or use a ready mixed brand? 

How shall I mix my own fertilizer? 

Does fertilizing help to defeat the boll weevil? 

EEPEEENCES: 

1. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 81-108 

2. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 330-340. 

3. Warren (Elements of Agriculture), pp. 308-209. 

4. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 193, 44, 378, 77. 

V. Planting the Cotton. 

What shall be my method of planting? Shall I bed my rows or 

plant on the level? 
How much seed shall I use per acre? 

Distance between rows? Distance between plants in the row? 
What kind of planter shall I use? 
Shall I fertilize when I plant the seed? 
When shall I plant? 
What are the essential conditions necessary for germination and 

growth ? 
8. Will my seed bed supply all of the above conditions? 

EEEEEENCES : 

1. Farmers' Bulletin No. 601. 

2. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 127-137. 

3. Harris & Stewart (Principles of Agronomy), p. 336. 

4. Davis (Productive Plant Husbandry), pp. 291-292. 

5. Livingston (Field Crop Production), p. 349. 

6. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 341-360. 



—10— 

VI. Insects and Diseases. 

1, What insect pests commonly attack cotton in my commimity? 

3, What will be my method of controlling them? 

3. What are the diseases that affect cotton in this section? 

4. Shall I wait until these diseases appear before undertaking c(m- 

trol measures? 

5. What shall be my method of controlling the boll weevil? 

EEFEEENCES : 

1. Texas Extension Service Circulars, 146 and 188. 

2. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 501, 290, 555, 625, 773, 831, 

848, 890. 

3. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 127-119. 

4. Davis (Productive Plant Husbandry), pp. 296-299. 

5. Livingston (Field Crop Production), p. 351. 

6. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 388-420. 

7. Sanderson & Jackson (Elementary Entomology), pp. 

119, 167-]68. 179. 



1. 

2. 
3. 

4. 

5. 
6. 



7. 



1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 



VII. Cultivation. 

When will the first cultivation be given? 

What tools will I need to plow my cotton? 

What implements will I use that are not generally used in my 
community ? 

Will they do better work than the ones generally used and will they 
save time ? 

ISTame three reasons for cultivation. 

Can I tell when my crop needs cultivation? Can I tell the num- 
ber of times I should plow my crop before the season is over? 
Why? 

What is the advantage of a dust mulch? Explain by drawing 
just what is meant. 

EEEEEENCES : 

1. Farmers' Bulletin No. 601. 

2. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 127-137. 

3. Harris & Stewart (Principles of Agronomy), p. 336. 

4. Davis (Productive Plant Husbandry), pp. 291-292. 

5. Livingston (Field Crop Production), p. 349. 
6'. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 341-360. 

VIII. Haevesting and Selling. 

Shall I gin iny crop and sell my seed for planting? 

Shall I sell my cotton in the seed direct from the field? 

What is the advantage of selling early? 

What month is cotton usually the highest price? 

Have I proper facilities for storing my crop? 

What are the disadvantages of storing my crop? 

Describe a ginning outfit. 



-11— 



8. State the points in grading cotton. 

9. What is the result of ginning cotton too wet? 

10. What are the grades of cotton ? 

11. Examine an unripe fiber, a half ripe fiber, a ripe fiber of cotton 

under a high powered microscope. 

12. What are the desirable qualities of cotton fiber? 

13. Compare cotton fiber \\dth wool under a high powered micro- 

scope. 

KEFERENCES : 

1. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 117-121. 

2. Harris & Stewart (Principles of Agronomy), p. 377. 

3. Davis (Productive Plant Husbandry), pp. 292-296. 

4. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 361-376. 

5. U. S. Department of Agriculture Bulletins JSTos. 457, 

458, 476. 

6. Farmers' Bulletin No. 775. 

7. Yearbook "Separate," p. 605. 



—12— 
PEOJECT STUDY OUTLINE FOE GEAIN SOEGHUMS. 

By W. M. GrOUELEY. 



I. Choice of Pkoject. 

1. Were any-oi the grain sorghums grown in my community last year? 

2. Of the different types, which are best adapted to my locality? 

3. Which variety of kafir, milo, or feterita., was grown chiefly in my 

community ? 

4. What was the yield per acre and profit? Would this yield and 

profit exceed an average acre of corn in the same community? 

5. How do grain sorghums rank with other crops grown in my local- 

ity as a money crop ? 

6. Shall I grow some type of grain sorghum for (a) Grain? (b) 

Seed? (c) Silage? 

7. Caai 1 find a market for my product? 

8. Is my land suited to growing sorghum ? 

EEPEEENCES : 

1. Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin No. 203. 

2. U. S. Department of Ae:riculture Year Book, 1913. 

3. Farmers' Bulletins Nos.^322, 552, 559, 686, 724, 288. 

4. Montgomery (Field Crops), pp. 245-248. 

5. Morgan (Crops for Cotton Belt), pp. 389-396. 

6. Wilson & Wharburton (Forage Crops), pp. 258-263. 

7. Piper (Forage Crops), pp. 271-273. 

8. U. S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 188. 

9. Experiment Station Bulletin No. 253. 

II. Selection and Caee of the Seed. 

1. Which variety will be best suited for my locality? 

2. How shall I determine what goes to make a good head of milo 

or kafir? 

3. Would a variety of milo or kafir with a high commercial value be 

necessarily a prize-winner? 

4. What are the main points to be considered in selecting grain 

sorghums ? 

5. What characteristics will be most important for a prize winner? 

For commercial purposes ? Is it possible to produce a variety 
that will meet the demands of both? 

6. How many seed will I need? 

7. How shall I store my seed? 

8. Shall I use home-grown seed or have them shipped in? 

EEPEEENCES : 

1. Farmers' Bulletin No. 448. 

2. Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletins Nos. 203, 237.. 



—13— 



3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 



Experiment Station Bulletin 'No. 236. 

IT. S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 103. 

Piper (Forage Crops), pp. 278-279. 

Hunt (Cereals in America), pp. 386-387. 



4. 



in. Peepaeation of Land. 

In what condition should my seed bed be when grain is planted? 
What tools will I need in my seed bed preparation? Do I have 

the necessary tools? If not, shall I procure them? 
How deep shall I plow? How deep was the land plowed last 

year? Do I need a deep seed bed for grain sorghums? What 

are the benefits of deep plowing? How much deeper shall I 

plow this 3^ear than last year? 
When shall 1 prepare my land? Is early fall plowing advisable 

for grain sorghums? Will different types of soils affect the 

date for breaking my land? Will the cHmatic conditions also 

be considered? 
What type of plows shall I use in preparing my land ? 



1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 



5. 



1. 
2. 

3. 

4. 
5. 
6. 

7. 



EEFEEENCES : 

Farmers* Bulletin JSTo. 448. 

Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin Ko. 203. 

Hunt-Burkett (Soils and Crops), pp. 323-324. 

Piper (Forage Crops), pp. 266-267. 

Duggar. (Field Crops), p. 237. 

Hunt (Forage Crops), pp. 389-395. 

Harris- Stewart (Principles of Agronomy), p. 325. 

Morgan (Crops for Cotton Belt), pp. 397-399. 

H. S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 37. 



IV. Feetilizees. 

What fertilizing elements are the most essential for grain sorghum? 

In which of these is my soil deficient? 

If my land is deficient in organic matter, how will I supply this 

deficiency? 
Shall I use commercial fertilizers ? What plant food elements are 

necessary in growing grain sorghums ? How shall I determine 

that any of these are lacking ? 
Shall I mix my fertilizers at home? 
How shall I apply my fertilizer? At what rate' per acre and at 

what time of the year ? 



EEFEEENCES 



Farmers' Bulletins iSTos. 278, 192, 77. 

Texas Experiment Station Bulletin No. 233. 

Hunt (Forage and Fiber Crops of America), p. 388. 



—14— 



V. Planting. 

1. Shall I plant in the row or broadcast? If in the row, what will 

be the distance between the rows? Between stalks? 

2. How deep shall I plant? 

3. How much seed per acre shall I plant "^ 

4. What tools are to be used for planting? 

5. When shall I plant my grain ? 

6. Shall I grow a companion ' crop with any one of the grain 

sorahunis ? What shall determine mv decision in this matter ? 



1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 

5. 
6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 



EEFEEENCES : 

Piper (Forage Plants and Their Culture), pp. 266-269. 
Hunt & Burkett (Soils and Crops), pp. 321-324. 
Harris & Stewart (Principles of Agronomy), p. 325. 
Himt (Forage and Fiber Crops of America), pp. 389- 

391. 
Wilson & Warburton (Field Crops), pp. 261-263. 
Morgan (Field Crops for Cotton Belt), pp. 397-398. 
LiAdnffston (Field Crop Production), pp. 232-235. 
Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 448, 322, 552. 
Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletins Nos. 203, 237, 253. 
Bureau of Plant Industry Circulars Nos. 50, 122-c. 



2. 
3. 



2. 
3. 



VI. Insects and Diseases. 

What insects will I have to combat in growing grain sorghums? 

What means shall I use to control and destroy these insects? 

What diseases affect grain sorghums? Do any of these diseases 
appear in grain sorghums in my community? How shall I rec- 
ognize these diseases ? What means shall I use to control and 
eradicate these diseases? Do these diseases always appear on 
the gTOwing crop or do they show up in the crop after it is har- 
vested and stored? 

EEFEEENCES : 

1. Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin No. 253. 

2. U. S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 8. 

3. Duggar (Field Crops), p. 245. 

4. Hunt (Forage Crops), p. 392. 

5. Piper (Forage Crops), pp. 277-280. 

6. Illinois State Bulletins Nos. 47 and 57. 

7. Kansas Experiment Station Bulletin No. 149. 

VII. Cultivation. 

What tools are necessary in the cultivation of iiTain sorghum?' 

Can I provide them for this croj)? 
What are the three most important piirposes of cultivation? 
Shall I be bothered with weeds? How can they be eradicated? 
Do grain sorghums require much moisture? Can I grow grain 

sorfifhums with little rainfall? How shall I conserve the 

moisture ? 



—15- 

5. How often shall I cultivate my crop? How can I maintain a 

dust mulch in time of drought ? 

6. How shall I vary the surface cultivation as the crop grows and 

matures? Shall I take into consideration the depth of plowing 
and the tools used for each cultivation? 

7. In what respects does the cultivation of grain sorghums differ 

from that of corn? 

8. When shall I "lay by" my crop? 



EEFEEENCES: 

1. Livingston (Field Crop Production), pp. 234-235. 

2. Hunt & Burkett (Soils and Crops), pp. 323-324. 

3. Montgomery (Productive Farm Crops), pp. 251-252. 

4. Piper (Forage Plants and Their Culture), pp. 269-275. 

5. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 243-244. 

6. Wilson & Warburton (Field Crops), pp. 261-263. 

7. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 397-398. 

8. Hunt (Forage and Fiber Crops of America), pp. 391- 

392. 

9. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 322, 448, 552. 

10. Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletins Nos. 203, 237, 253. 

11. Harris & vStewart (Principles of Agronomy), pp. 325- 

326. 

12. U. S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 288. 

13. Bailey's Cvclopedia of American Agriculture, Vol.- 2, 

pp. 574-582. 

VIII. Hakvesting. 

1. What are the main points to be 'considered in harvesting grain 

sorghums ? 

2. Are varieties with pendant or erect heads more easily harvested ? 

3. Shall next year's seed crop be selected beforehand? 

4. How is grain sorghum u.sually harvested in my community? 

5. Do they cut off the heads and store them separately from the stalk 

or do they harvest the whole stalk and store it in this manner? 
Which is the better plan of harvesting and storing? 

6. By which method is the most food value produced ? ■ 

7. Are grain sorghums best harvested green and used for silage? 

8. How shall I store my grain sorghums? Buildings used? Condi- 

tion of corn? 

9. Why is it so necessary to have the sorghums dry when stored in 

barns or cribs ? 

10. What care shall I take of my sorghums in the fields after they 

are cut? 

11. What things must I consider in feeding ,grain sorghums to Vve 

stock? For preparation for the market? 

EEEEEENCES : 

1. Hunt (Forage and Fiber Crops of America), pp. 392- 
395. 



—16— 



2. Livingston (Field Crop Production), pp. 234-335. 

3. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 398-399. 

4. Harris & Stewart (Principles of Agronomy), pp. 326- 

327. 

5. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 244-245. 

6. Wilson & AVarburton (Field Crops), pp. 261-263. 

7. Montgomery (Productive Farm Crops), pp. 252-253. 

8. Hunt & Burkett (Soils and Crops), pp. 324-325. 

9. Piper (Forage Plants and Their Culture), pp. 274-276. 

10. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 552, 559, 686, 724. • 

11. Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletins -Nos. 203, 237, 283. 

12. Texas Experiment Station Bulletin No. 103. 

13. U. S. Department of Agriculture Bulletins Kos. 174 

and 288. 



— IT— 

PEOJECT STUDY OUTLINE FOR MELONS. 
By Norris a. Mayo. 



1. 

2. 

3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 



1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

6. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 

19. 

20. 



I. Choice of Project. 

Have melons been grown successfully in my community? 

If they have proven a failure, was it due to insects or diseases that 

I can control? 
How often do adverse climatic conditions cause a failure? 
Will I find a market at home, or will I have to ship? 
Will my neighbors grow enough melons to ship by the carload? 
Is my land suited to the growing of melons ?. 

REFERENCES : 

1. Agricultural instructor. 

2. Parents. 

3. Neighbors. 

II. Seed Supply. 

Wha,t varieties are best adapted to my community? 

What varieties will sell best locally? 

What variety is best adapted to home use? 

What variety is best for shipping? 

What variety will produce the earliest fruit? 

Name the factors which enter into the selection of a variety. 

What are the factors which affect the vitality of the seed? . 

Under ordinary conditions^, how long is it advisable to keep seed? 

Why are slightly aged seed better? 

What is the advantage of seed testing? 

When should the seed be tested? 

How will this test affect the planting? 

How are you going to provide seed for later use? 

What mistake do most growers make in selecting seed melons? 

How can the above be remedied? 

Give some of the advantages of seed from immature fruit. 

Give some of the disadvantages of seed from im^mature fruit. 

Can the time required to reach maturity be made shorter by the 

selection of early ripening fruits? 
What is to be gained by the selection of early ripening fruits for 

seed ? 
What evil is likely to grow out of selecting early ripening fruits 

for seed? 

references : 

1. Troup (Melon Culture), pp. 92-97. 

2. Corbett (Garden Farming), pp. 297-98. 



— li 



1. 

2. 

3. 
4. 
5. 



III. Peepaeation of the Soil. 

When should the preparation of the soil begbi? 

Should a crop of legumes be turned under? 

What implements shall I use in preparing- the soil? 

How deep shall I plow the soil? 

Does the melon require a finely pulverized seed bed? 



REFERENCES : 



1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 
5. 
6. 

r. 



9. 
10. 



1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 

5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 

11. 

12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 



Corbett (Garden Farming), pp. 457-458; 295-296. 
Boyle (Vegetable Gardening), p. 192. 

IV. Fertilizers. 



In what element is the average melon soil usually deficient? 
What is the cheapest and most efficient ^vay of improving sucth 

soils ? 
Can the above be overdone? If so, what will be the result? 
Wliat effect does an excess of nitrogen have upon the, melon ? 
What is a compost? How made? 
When is the use of composts advisable? 
In what commercial forms is nitrogen usually applied to the 

melon soil ? 
What is the fertilizer formula, used under ordinary conditions? 
When and how is fertilizer applied ? 
Is decayed organic matter an essential for melon growing? 

references : 

1. Troup (Melon Culture), pp. 30-34. 

2. Corbett (Garden Farming), jjp. 457-459. 

V. Planting. 

Describe the hot-bed used for starting melon plants. 

Where is the hot-bed usually located ? 

How are the seed planted ? 

Why are the seed planted in this method rather than the method 
commonly used in hot-bed planting? 

At what temperature is the hot-bed kept? 

How is a supply of water obtained ? 

How often are the plants watered? 

Is it necessary to harden the plants before setting out in the field ? 

When can melons be transplanted to the field ? 

If transplanted before this time, how are the young plants pro- 
tected ? 

If seed are planted in the open field, what date is best for this 
section ? 

How deep are the seed put in the ground ? 

How far apart are the rows? 

How far apart are the hills in the row? 

How many seed will bo planted to the hill? 

When are the plants thinned ? 



—19— 

17. How many plants are left to the hill? 

18. How many hot-bed plants are planted to the hill? 

19. How are the hot-bed plants set? 

.20. What care must be given hot-bed plants after setting? 

EEFEKENCES : 

1. Troup (Melon Culture), pp. 35-40. 

2. Boyle (Vegetable Gardening;), pp. 193-194. 

3. Corbett (Garden Farming), pp. 300-301. 

VI. Insects and Diseases. 

1. How do each of the insects listed below harm the melon and how 

are they controlled? 

Striped Cucumber Beetle, Twelve-spotted .Cucumber Beetle, 
. Melon Aphis, Squash Bug, Squash Lady-bird, Pickle 
Worm, Melon Caterpillar, Grasshopper. 

2. What is the nature of damage of each of the diseases listed below 

and how may they be controlled? 

Bacterial Wilt, Bacterial Soft Eot, Eust or Bligljt, Scab, 
Anthracnose, Downy Mildew. 



1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
.7. 



eefeeences : 

1. Troup (Melon Culture), pp. 68-89. 

2. Boyle (Vegetable Gardening), pp. 198-99. 

3. Corbett (Garden Farming), "pp. 29-5-96; 460-62; 12-20. 

4. Farmers' Bulletins Ncs. 821, 914, 1038. 

VII. Culture. 

What implements are needed for the culture of melons? 

When should the first cultivation begin ? 

What is the nature of the first cultivation? 

How often is the cultivation to be repeated? 

What is the advantage of deep cultivation? 

How can the injury of the vines by wind be prevented? 

Would you advise the planting of a legume between the rows? 



eefeeences 



1. 
2. 

3. 

4. 



1. 
2. 
3. 



Troup (Melon Culture), pp. 41-45. 

Boyle (Vegetable Gardening;), pp. 192; 200-201. 

Corbett (Garden Farmii^g), pp. 295-96; 459. 

VIII. Haevesting and Marketing. 



When should the melon be picked for shipping:? 

How does the time of picking difi'er when the melons are for local 

consumption ? 
How is the inexperienced grower to recognize the time for picking? 
What is the attitude of the average Southern grower in regard to 

the time for picking? 



'^™«™™™ 



MB 



■i 



—20— 

5. How does this afi'ect the market value of the Southern product? 

6. How can the present method of handling in the field be improved? 

7. Why is it advisable to haA^e a cool, well- ventilated packing shed? 

8. What criticism can be made of the average packing shed? 

9. How are the melons graded? 

10. Why is very strict grading advisable? 

11. When are the melons assorted according to size? 

12. What are: (a) Jumbo crates: standard crates; two-thirds 

crates; pony crates^ flat crates, climax baskets? 

13. What kinds of melons are AAT:'apped ? 

14. Why is it advisable to stamp the package with the grade and name 

of the grower? 

15. What is meant by pre-cooling? 

16. Do you consider pre-cooling advisable when shipping melons? 

17. What are the advantages of shipping to a commission firm? 

18. Would a local marketing organization be better than shipping to a 

commission firm ? 

19. How are agents of a commission firm, placed in a community, 

beneficial to the growers of that community? 

20. How does the weather affect the price of melons? 

21. What is the average price to be expected? 

22. What will this net per acre? 



EEFEKENCES: 

1. Troup (Melon Culture), pp. 46-60. 

2. Bovle (Vegetable Gardening), pp. 195-98. 

3. Corbett (Garden Farming), pp. 289-99; 462. 

4. U. S. Department of Agriculture Bulletins Nos. 315, 

401. 

5. Farmers' Bulletin No. 707. 



—21— 

PEOJECT STUDY OUTLINE FOE ONIONS. 
By D. B. OsBUKir. 



10. 



1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 

18. 

19. 



I. Choice of Peoject. 

Shall I conduct this project for the purpose of inaking money? 

Or education? Or both? 
Why did I select onions for my project? 

Can I arrange to take charge of the project on my own account? 
Are there ground, team and tools available? 
Have I sufficient interest in the project to make it a success ? 
Is there a home market for the sale of my products? 
Shall I ship my products ? 

Will the crop be marketed as green or matured onions? 
Shall I start my crop early enough to get a good price for (he 

products ? 
Can I locate my plot in a place protected from the elements and 

from animals? 

EEFEEENCES : 

1. Texas Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 46, pj). 

8-15. 

2. Agricultural Instructor. 

3. Parent. 

* II. Seeds and Sets. 

Which variety of onions shall I grow? 

How many bushels of sets will be required for my project? 

Shall I buy the sets or produce them myself ? 

How are onion seed produced commercially? 

If I grow my o^vn sets, how much seed will be required? 

When shall I plant the seed? 

How shall I prepare the seed-bed? 

How shall I enrich the seed bed? 

Shall I plant the seed thickly or thinly? 

How can I treat the seed bed to drive off injurious insects? 

At what distance apart shall I lay off the rows in this bed ? 

How deep shall I cover the seed? 

Shall I firm the dirt over the seed and keep the bed sprinkled ? 

How long will it take the seed to germinate? 

How shall I handle the soil after the plantlets are established ? 

What will indicate harvesting time for the sets ? 

If I grow my sets, will I plant them the same year or save them 

for the following spring? 
Should I send my sets to a cold storage plant in the evejit I keep 

them over winter? 
At what degree of temperature do onions keep best ? 



—22— 



EEFEEENCES : 

1. Lloyd (Productive Vegetable Growing), pp. 164-169. 

2. Texas Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 46. 

3. Corbett (Garden Farming), p. 319. 

4. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 354, 434. 

III. Feetilizees. 

1. Does the soil need fertilizing? 

2. Shall I use commercial fertilizer? 

3. What fertilizer shall I use? 

4. Do I know how and in what proportion they should be mixed? 

5. At what rate shall I apply commercial fertilizers ? 

6. Is it proper to 'use barn-yard manure for onions? 

7. In what condition and at what rate should barn-yard manure be 

applied ? 

8. What use may I make of green manures? 

EEFEEENCES : 

1. Texas Department of Agriculture Bulletin ISTo. 46. 

2. Lloyd (Productive Vegetable Growing), pp. 25-34. 

IV. Peepaeing the Soil. 

1. When should the soil be plowed? 

2. What implements are necessary for soil preparation? 

3. Shall I disc and harrow my soil? 

4. Does the soil need a coA'er crop? 

5. How shall I prevent the soil from washing? 

6. How shall I pulverize the soil prior to planting? 

7. If my soil has been planted in onions before, what precautions 

should I take to keep down the thrip ? 

EEFEEENCES: 

1. Texas Department of Agriculture Bulletin 'No. 46, p. 36. 

V. Transplanting. 

1. What implements shall I use in lajdng off the rows? 

2. Shall I plant the sets on beds or on level ground? 

3. At what distance apart shall I place the rows? 

4. What should be the spacing in the row? 

5. Shall I drop the sets in a haphazard manner in the furrow, or s-et 

each one with the root end down? 

6. How deep shall I cover the sets? 

7. Shall I nack the soil over the sets ? 



EEFEEENCES : 

1. Texas Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 46. 

2. Lloyd (Productive Vegetable Growing), p. 174. 

3. Farmers' Bulletin No. 354. 



—33— 

yi. Diseases and Insects. 

1. What insects attack onions? 

2. Can I prepare an insecticide to control insects that suck their food ? 

3. Can I prepare an insecticide to control insects that chew their food? 

4. Are there plant diseases which attack the onion? 

5. Do I understand mixing and applying a fungicide? 

6. What are the common weeds I shall have to combat ? 

EEFEEENCES : 

1. Texas Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 46. 

VII. Cultivation. 

1. When should I start cultivation? 

2. Shall I use a horse or cultivate hy hand? 

3. How often shall I cultivate? 

4. For what reasons other tha.n the control of weeds shall I cultivate ? 

5. When should I cultivate deep and when shallow? 

6. When should I cease cultivation? 

VIII. Hakvesting and Marketing. 

.1. When are onions ready to harvest for marketing as green onions? 

2. How are green onions packed for market? 

3. For the matured onion market, what is the condition of onions 

when ready to harvest? 

4. Shall I pull my onions by hand or use a plow to lift them ? 

5. In what sort of windrows shall I lay them ? 

6. How long shall I allow them to lay in windrows for the purpose 

of curing? 

7. What treatment shall I give the windrows? 

8. How shall I remove the tops? 

9. Shall I market my onions soon after harvest or store them ? 

10. Do I understand the principles involved in storing onions? 

11. Do I understand the importance of and the proper method of 

grading my product? 

12. Do I understand a good method of placing my onions in shipping 

packages ? 

13. Do I know the weight of a bushel of onions? 

eefeeences : 



1. Texas Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 46. 

2. Corbett (Garden Farming), p. 320.' 

3. Lloyd (Productive Vegetable Growing), pp. 178-199. 



—24— 



PEOJECT STUDY OUTLINE FOR PEANUTS. 
(Adapted from Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College.) 



I. Choice of Peojegt. 

1. How do peanuts rank as a money crop in this section? 

2. Have I an available market for my crop? 

3. Should I grow them for hog feed, roasting or the oil mill? 

4. Do peanuts fit especially well into my rotation? 

5. Is my soil suited to growing peanuts ? 

EEFEEENCES : 

1. U. S. Department of Agriculture Yearbook, 1917, pp. 

113-126; 170-173. 

2. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 751, 431. 

3. Texas Experiment Station Bulletin No. 201. 

4. Extension Service Bulletin No. B-17. 

II. Seed Supply. 

1. What variety shall I grow? (a) A-VTiat varieties are grown in 

my community ? For what purpose shall I grow my crop ? 

2. What varieties are best for the following uses: a. Oil? b. 

Eoasting? c. Hog feeding? d. . What is the character of 
growth of each variety? 

3. Have I available well selected seed? a. What is the value of 

selected seed? b. How shall I select good seed? 

4. What are the outward appearance of good peanut seed ? 

5. Just why should your seed be plump and bright? a. Bad stor- 

age has what effect on good peanuts? b. How can you detect 
immature seed? 

6. How much seed will you need? a. How much seed per acre? b. 

Effect of size of seed on amount needed ? 

EEPEEENCES : 

1. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 751, 431. 

2. U. S.. Department of Agriculture Yearbook, 1916, pp. 

170-173. 

3. U. S. Department of Agriculture Yearbook, 1917, pp. 

113-126. 

4. Experiment Station Bulletin No. 17. 

5. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 430-431. 

6. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 470-471. 

7. Montgomery (Productive Farm Crops), pp. 440-441. 



—25— 

III. Pee^aeation of the Land. 

1. What crop is now or was last on the field on which I expect to plant 

peanuts ? 
^■. What is the relation of the condition of my field as to when I 
should plow it for peanuts? Shall I plow in fall or sprinjr? 
State the factors determining when I should plow. 
• 3. Are there special considerations in preparing seed bed for pea- 
nuts? Should the soil be worked particularly fine? Why? 
Shall 1 disc? harrow? or both? Shall I roll the land? When? 
How will the condition of soil determine the implement used? 

4. How shall I prevent loss of moisture before planting? 

5. Why should peanuts be planted after a cleanly cultivated crop? 

EEFEEENCES : 

1. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 468-469. 

2. Montgomery (Productive Farm Crops), p. 443. 

3. Spanish Peanuts, Texas Department Bulletin. 

IV. Feetilizees. 

1. What plant food elements are lacking which will tend to reduce 

my peanut crop? Does the peanut crop need large amounts of 
organic matter in the soil? Does my field need phosphorus? 
What is the effect of phosphorus on the growth of peanuts? 
Is j)otash needed on my field? 

2. How shall I provide the needed plant food elements? 

3. Shall I use barnyard manure? Effect of manure on peanut pro- 

duction? When should manure be ap23liedr 

4. Shall I use commercial fertilizer? Can I interpret the analysis 

on a bag of fertilizer? What is meant by "availability'' of a 
given plant food element? 

5. What commercial fertilizers are in use in my community? 

6. Shall I buy the chemicals and mix my own fertilizers? 

7. How shall I apply the conunercial fertilizers? 

8. When shall I apply them? 

9. Shall I use lime? Its effect on peanut crop? 



eefeeences : 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 77. 
Experiment Station Bulletin No. 201. 
Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 467-468. 
Montgomery (Productive Farm Crops), pp. 442-443. 



2. 



V. Planting. 

Shall the seed be shelled or planted in pod? How does variety 
affect this practice ? Shall I Foak those I plant in pods ? Why 
not soak the shelled seed, too? 

Shall I plant by hand or with machine? 



—26— 

3. How deep should peanuts be planted on my soil? Eows how far 

apart? How far apart in row? AVill variety characteristics 
have to be considered in regard to distances? 

4. When shall I plant the crop? Hoav will the following factors. aid 

in determining the time to plant: (1) Variety; (2) season; 
(3) soil conditions; (4) use? Should a crop planted for hog 
feeding be all planted at the same time ? Why ? Which are 
the earlier varieties? 

5. How much seed shall T plant per acre ? What are the determining 

factors ? 

REFEEENCES : 

1. Farmers' Bulletin No. 413. 

2. U. S: Department (Office Sec.) Special. 

3. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), p. 469. 

VI. Insects and Diseases. 

1. Is the peanut especially hardy in my community? Does leaf spot 

occur? Has the j)eanut wilt ever been found in my locality? 

2. Would you say that the peanut plant is relatively free from insect 

pests ? 

VII. Cultivation. 

1. Shall I begin cultivating before plants are up? When, and what 

tools shall I use ? What are the advantages of such cultivation ? 

2. How often shall I cultivate ? What shall determine when to stir 

the soil ? What is purpose of cultivation ? 

3. Shall I vary the implement used as the crop gTows? How and 

when should the last cultivation be done? 

4. What indications or plant development should determine the time 

of last cultivation ? What is meant by peanut "pegging" ? 

5. Shall you use a one or two-mule cultivator? Why? 

REFEEENCES: 

1. Farmers' Bulletin No. 431. 

2. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), p. 469. 

3. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 436-440. 

4. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 166-176. 



VIII. Haevesting and Maeketing. 

fiow may seed be selected at harvest time ? What is a good method 
of selection for improvement? How shall you select seed for 
next year? 

When should peanuts be harvested? T^Hiat are the indications of 
maturity? EfPects of leaving the crop too long in the ground? 

Shall I use a plow, peanut or potato digger or some other appli- 
ance for digging or pulling? Advantages of a digger? How 
many acres can one man and team dig in a 1 0-hour day ? Com- 
pare the plow with the digger in efficiency. 



-27— 



4.- Should the peanuts be left exposed to the sun any considerable 

time after digging? Why? Effect? 
5. How shall I provide poles for stacking? Size of poles? Length, 

diameter? (1) Split; (2) round? Where can T obtain poles? 

How many shall I need? (1) Poles for acre? (2) How 

placed ? 
•f). How shall I stack the peanut crop? How and when shall I set 

my poles? How shall I keep the base of the stack off the 

ground? How big is it desirable to start the stack? How 

shall I "top off'^ the stack or cap it? What precautions should 

be observed in stacking and "topping off." 

7. Is it desirable to cure the peanuts in the barn or under a shed? 

Why? 

8. How long should the peanuts remain in the stack? 

9. Shall I pick by hand? Does it pay? 

10. What type of machine is available for picking? Threshing ma- 

chine ? Peanut picker ? Which of these can I secure ? Which 
do I prefer? AVhy? 

11. How shall I store the peanuts after picking? Bags? Bins, etc.? 

The advantage of bags ? 

12. Is my storage dry, well ventilated and mouse-proof? 

13. Is there an advantage in being prepared to store my crop ? Ex- 

plain. 

14. Shall I market direct from picker to car? 

15. In what condition should my peanuts be to demand the best price? 

16. Shall I reclean the peanuts before marketing? Have I a fanning 

mill? 

17. What precautions should be taken when picking to insure a clean 

product? 

EEFEEENCES : 

1. U. S. Department (Office of Sec.) Circular No. 81. 

2. Bureau of Plant Industry Circular No. 88. 

3. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 431 and 751. 

4. Montgomery (Productive Farm Crops), pp. 444-445. 

5. Morgan (Field Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 440-443. 

6. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp; 381-382. 



—28— 

PEOJECT STUDY OUTLINE FOE POTATOES. 
By E. a. Eix. 



1. 



3. 

4. 

5. 
6. 



1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 



1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 
5. 



I. Choice of Peoject. 

Will Irish potatoes give as great returns for the money and labor 

involved as other crops that I could plant? 
Can the potatoes be marketed locally or vs^ill they have to be 

shipped ? 
Will otlier farmers have enough potatoes to ship to enable us to 

market them by the cooperative carload method ? 
Can I control all the diseases and pests that attack the potato in 

this section? 
Is my land suited to the growth of potatoes? 
Do adverse climatic conditions often cause a failure of the potato 



crop 



EEFERENCES : 



1. Davis (Productive Plant Husbandry), pp. 225-226. 

2. Agricultural Instructor. 

3. Parents. 

4. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 544, 407. 

11. Seed Supply. 

What are the varieties best suited to this locality? 

Should Jiorthern seed be used ? 

Should small potatoes be used for seed? 

Plow should the seed be cut? 

How much seed will an acre require? 

Is it advisable to treat the seed for scab? 

Where and how may I best store my seed until planting time? 

Is it advisable to save my own seed? 



EEFERENCES : 



1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 



Boyle (Vegetable- Growing), pp. 280-283. 

Harris & Stewart (Principles of Agronomy), pp. 231- 

233. 
Davis (Productive Plant Husbandry), pp. 226-227. 
Hunt & Burkett (Soils and Crops), pp. 445-446. 



III. PeEPAEATION of THE LaND. 

When should I break my land? 

Is a cover-crop ad^dsable? 

What are the practices of the best potato growers in regard to 

these matters ? 
How deep shall I plow? 
Shall I disc and harrow my soil? 

eefeeences : 

1. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 407, 1064. 

2. Missouri Extension Service Circular No. 64. 



•29— 



3. Experiment Station Bulletin No. 167. 

4. Experiment Station Circular No. 3. 

5. Boyle (Vegetable Growing), pp. 278. 

6. Hunt & Burkett (Soils and Crops), pp. 442-443. 

7. Davis (Productive Plant Husbandry), pp. 225-226. 

8. Harris & Stewart (Principles of Agronomy), pp. 230- 

231. 

IV. Fertilizers. 

When should barn-yard manure be applied, if it is used as a fer- 
tilizer? • 

What fertilizing elements do potatoes especially need? 

In which of these are soils in my section lacking? 

Will I use commercial fertilizers? When should they be applied 
and how should they be mixed? 



REFERENCES : 

1. Farmers' Bulletins No. 407, 1064. 

2. Davis (Productive Plant Husbandry), pp. 225-6. 

3. Hunt & Burkett (Soils and Crops), pp. 443-5. 

4. Experiment Station Bulletin No. 167, pp. 38-40. 

5. Experiment Station Circular No. 3, pp. 25-27. 

V. Planting. 

1. At just what time do the most successful local growers plant 

potatoes ? 

2. What is my explanation of the importance of early planting and 

what proof have I found that it is important? 

3. How far apart shall I have the rows and hills ? 

4. What is the difference between the ridge system of planting and 

that used for level cultivation? 

5. WTiich will be advisable for me to use? 

6. Shall I plant by hand or use a machine? 

7. What are the best planters ? 

8. How deep shall I plant? 

9. Shall I apply commercial fertilizers before planting? 

REFERENCES : 

1. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 407, 1044. 

2. Boyle (Vegetable Growing), p. 283. 

3. Hunt & Burkett (Soils and Crops), p. 446. 

4. Harris & Stewart (Principles of Agronomy), np. 233- 

34. 

5. Davis (Productive Plant Husbandry), pp. 227-8. 

6. Cromwell (Agriculture and Life), p. 248. 

7. Cunnino-ham & Lancelot (Soils and Plant Life), pp. 

319-21. 



VI. Diseases and Insect Pests. 

1. What are the first pests for which I must be prepared ? 

2. What is the nature of their injury to the plants and to the yield? 



—30- 



3. 

4. 
5. 
6. 

7. 



9. 

10. 
11. 



What will be mj'- method for immediately controlling them? 

Will I repeat my control measures again ? 

What diseases seriously affect the potato foliage in my community ? 

What is the nature of their injury to the plant and to the yield ? 

When do these appear? 

Shall I wait until these appear before undertaking control meas- 
ures ? Why ? 

What steps will I take for coiitrol and at Avhat time should they 
be taken? 

How many times will I repeat the control measures? 

Am I supplied with materials and equipment which will allow me 
to efficiently control the diseases and insects which should be 
controlled ? 

REFERENCES : 

1. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 544, 868, 940. 

2. Hunt & Burkett (Soils and Crops), pp. 448-9. 

3. • Harris & Stewart (Principles of Agronomy), pp. 236-9. 

4. Cromwell (Agriculture and Life), pp. 246-48. 

5. Massey (Garden Book), p. 107. 

6. Livingston (Field Crop Production), pp. 366-69. 

VII. CuLTIVATIOiSr. 

Should potatoes be cultivated before they come up? 

What iinplements are best suited to potato cultivation? 

How often should they be cultivated? 

How should the last cultivation be given ? 

What are the advantages of the ridge sj^steni of cultivation? 



REFERENCES 



1. Hunt & Burkett (Soils and Crops), p. 447. 

2. Harris & Stewart (Principles of Agronomy), pp. 234-5. 

3. Montgomery (Productive Farm Crops), pp. 276-7. 

4. Missouri Extension Service. Circular Ko. 64. 

YTII. Harvesting and Marketing. 

1. How can 1 tell when my potatoes are ready to harvest? 

2. Should potatoes ever be dug before this time, so as to place them 

on the early market? 

3. Am I to use a potato digging machine? 

4. How long should potatoes remain on the ground after digging? 

5. How should the crop be moved from the ground? 

6. Should the crop be shipped or sold at home? 

7. Is it advisable to store? How may they be stored? 

8. How should the digging be done? What are the best containers? 

9. Will the production of other potato districts affect the market? 



references 



Montgomery (Productive Farm Crops), pp. 277-78. 
Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 847, 407, 753, 1064. 



-31- 



PROJECT STUDY OUTLINE FOR SWEET POTATOES. 
By a. H. Wilcox. 



I. Choice of Project. 

1. Why should I choose a sweet potato groAving project? 
2 May I hope to make a good profit on the project? 
s! Will the expense of seed, tools, and storage be so great as to cause 
a financial failure? , i xi, x j +^„., 

4. Are there diseases and pests that I cannot control that may destroy 

5 Have my^ neighbors, found a profitable way to dispo_se of sweet 
potatoes in the quantity that I propose to grow? 

EEFEEENCES : 

1. Agricultural Instructor. 

3. Parent. 

3 Texas Department Bulletin No. 63. 

4. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 714, 970, 835, 584. 

II. Selection of Seed. 

»How are seed potatoes cared for ? 

How are seed potatoes produced? 

When should seed be selected ? ^ 

What size sweet potatoes should I select: 

What variety should I select for my soil? 

How can black rot and other diseases be detected m selectmg seed 

potatoes ? 

EEFEEENCES : 

1 Davis (Productive Plant Husbandry), p. 41. 
2'. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 431-434, 
3. Farmers' Bulletin No. 324. 

III. PeEPAEATION of THE SOIL. 

1. Do sweet potatoes require a finely pulverized seed bed? 

2. When should the land for sweet potatoes be plowed.^ Wh> should 
it be well drained ? 

3 How deep should -the land be plowed? ■ . .s 

4'. Would it be well to grow a cover crop before tne sweet potatoes . 

5. Shall I ridge my land? 

6. Why should sweet potato land be frequenth^ harrowed? 

7. What kind of soil is best for sweet potatoes ? 



1. 

2. 

o 
O. 

4. 
o. 
6. 



-32— 



EEFEEENCES : 

1. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 334, 999. 

2. Davis (Productive Plant Husbandry), 

3. Corbett (Farm Garden), pp. 422-33. 



pp. 



232-233. 



]V. Fektilizeks. 

1. Shall I use a fertilizer? 

2. What brand or mixture of fertilizer shall I use? 

3. How much per acre shall I use? 

4. When shall the fertilizer be applied? 

5. When should I use barnyard and green manure? 

6. How shall I apply the fertilizer? 

7. What are the important elements used by a potato crop? 

8. In which of these elements are soils in this section usually deficiejit' 



EEEERENCES : 



1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 



Corbett (Garden Farming), p. 424. 
Davis (Productive Plant Husbandry), p. 232. 
Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 434-436. 
Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 324, 999. 



V. Bedding Sweet Potatoes. 

How is the seedbed prepared? 

Explain the method of bedding sweet potatoes. 

Why are sweet potatoes bedded and not planted as Irish potatoes? 

How many potatoes shall I bed? 

When shall I bed them ? 

Whsit tools shall I need in the preparation of the bed? 



EEFEEEiSrCES 



1. 

2. 
3. 



Corbett (Garden Farming), pp. 423-426. 
Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 438-441, 
Texas Department Bulletin Ko. 62. 

VI. Transplanting Saa^eet Potatoes. 



What is the usual method of transplanting sweet potatoes ? 

At what distance should the sets be placed? 

AVill it pay to have a transplanter? 

"WHien should the transplanting begin? 

Is it best to set the slips before or after a rain? 

What is the best method of setting out the slips if the work is 

done by hand? 
When and how should the slips be pulled, from the bed ? 



EEFERENCES : 



1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 



Corbett (Garden Farming), pp. 426-427. 
Dua:gar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 442-445. 
Hunt & Burkett (Soils and Crops), pp. 435-436. 
Texas Department Bulletin No. 62. 



—33- 



1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 



1. 
2. 

3. 

4. 
5. 



VII. Insects and Diseases. 

Describe the black rot. 

On what part of the potato is it found? 

Where does stem rot begin? 

How can these diseases be controlled? 

How does the sweet potato weevil attack the sweet potato? 

What causes leaf blight? 

How may I tell when my sweet potatoes* have black rot? 

What causes root rot? 

Where does root rot begin on a plant? 

How is it controlled? 

How is dry rot controlled? 

REFEEENCES : 

1. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 452-455. 

2. Davis (Productive Plant Husbandry), p. 236. 

3. Corbett (Garden Farming), p. 426. 

4. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 714, 835. 

VIII. Cultivation of Sweet Potatoes. 

When should cultivation be given after the plants are in the field ? 

What methods of cultivation shall I use? 

When shall I cease to cultivate mv sweet potato crop? 

How often shall I cultivate? 

Does frequent shallow cultivation pav? 



eeferences : 



1. 
2. 

3. 



Hunt & Burkett (Soils and Crops), pp. 433-434. 
Boyle (Vegetable Gardening), pp. 179-180. 
Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 445-447. 



IX. Harvesting and Storing. 

1. When should my sweet potatoes be harvested?' 

2. How long will it take for sweet potatoes to mature? 

3. What should be done with the vines in case it should come a frost: 

before the sweet potatoes are harvested? 

4. How are sweet potatoes harvested? 

5. If I sell my potatoes on the early market, when should I harvest 

them? 

6. Shall I store my potatoes in a sweet potato house or shall I bank 

them ? 

7. How are sweet potatoes stored? 

8. How are they banked? 

9. Which will probably be the best? 

10. What conditions must I have if I bank mv potatoes? 

11. Why is good storage essential? 

12. What effect does temperature have on sweet potatotes? 

references : 

1. Corbett (Garden Farming), pp. 428-430. 

2. Duggar (Southern Field Crops), pp. 447-452. 



-34— 



1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 

5. 



3. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 324, 970, 999. 

4. Davis (Productive Plant Husbandry), p. 236. 

5. Boyle (Veg-etable Gardening), p. 180.. 

6. Texas Department Bulletin No. 62. 

X. Grading and MArjvETiNG. 

When shall I grade my sweet potatoes? 

How many grades of sweet potatoes are there? 

What sort of containers shall I use? 

What are some of the factors which will determine the price I 

shall receive for my sweet potatoes? 
Shall I grow for the local market or shall I ship? 



REFERENCES : 

1. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 324, 999. 

2. Corbett (Garden Farming), p. 430. 



—35— 
PEOJECT STUDY OUTLINE FOE TOMATOES. 

By J. N. SiNGLETAEY. 



I. Choice of Project. 

Do I have enough land to stow tomatoes? 

Is the land which I have adapted to the growth of tomatoes? 

Have tomatoes been grown successfully in this section? 

If tomatoes have not been grown successfully in my community 

is it due to factors that I can control? 
Can I make them pay as a money crop? 
Have others made money out of this crop? 
Will I find a market at home, or will I have to ship to nearby or 

distant markets? 
Shall I grow them for canning or for the fancy trade? 
How much will the tools and equipment cost? 

IfEFETiENCES : 

1. Farmers' Bulletin No. 642. 

2. Neighbors. 

3. Instructor. 



II. The Seed Supply. 

1. Shall I use home-grown seed? Why? 

2. Should I use northern-grown seed? Why? 

3. Do seed men grow their own seed or do they buy them from all 

parts of the country? 

4. How long will tomato seed retain their vitality? 

5. Shall I plant two-year-old seed or new ones? 

6. (a) What varietv shall I q-row? (b) Which varieties are the 

best for the market for which I am s:rowing my crop? 
T. Where can I get good seed of the varietv that I have selected? 

8. How many seed should I buy? 

9. Shall I test my seed for vitalitv and purity? 
10. Can tomatoes be grown from cuttings? 

eeferenoes : 

1. Kyle and Ellis, p. 217. 

2. Bovle, pp. 35-45. 

3. Tracy (Tomato Culture), pp. 49, 112-116. 

4. Farmers' Bulletin No. 428. 

5. Delaware Bulletin No. 101. 

6. Indiana Bulletin No. 165. 

7. Illinois Bulletin No. 165. 



—36— 

III. Pkeparation of Soil. 

1. Plow deep should the soil be broken? 

2. When should the soil be broken? 

3. Should the fertilizer be applied when the soil is broken? 

4. What kind of preparation is necessary before the plants are set?' 

5. How far apart should the rows be? 

6. Shall I set plants on bed, in furrows, or on the level? 

7. What advantage is there in checking? 

EEFEEENCES : 

1. Farmers' Bulletin No. 643. 

2. Maryland Bulletin No. 180. 

3. Tracy (Tomato Culture), pp. 42-47. 

IV. Feetilizeks. 

1. Should tomatoes be fertilized with manure? When should it be 

applied ? 

2. Should commercial fertilizer be used ? When should it be applied ? 

3. Should lime be applied? When? 

4. Is my soil deficient in nitrogen; in potash; in phosphorus? 

5. Most soils in Texas are deficient in what two elements? 

6. The tomato has the habit of dropping many blossoms. What fer- 

tilizing element usually prevents this? 

7. What is the effect of getting the soil too rich in nitrogen? 

8. What proportion of nitrogen, potash and phosphorus is best for 

the proper growth and fruiting of the tomato? 

9. Is it a good practice to apply some of the fertilizer during the 

growth of the plants? 

EEEERElsTCES : 

1. Texas Experiment Station Bulletin No. 254. 

2. Farmers' Bulletin No. 642. 

3. Illinois Bulletin No. 144. 

4. Indiana Bulletin No. 165. 

5. Mar3dand Bulletin No. 180. 

6. Florida Bulletin No. 146. 

7. Michigan Special Bulletin No. 89. 

8. Missouri Circular No. 87. 

9. French (Book of A^egetables), pp. 278-279. 
10. Tracy (Tomato Culture), pp. 43-45. 



V. Planting. 

1. Shall I plant my seed in window boxes, hotbed or in open field ? 

2. Can I afford to wait until the danger of frost is over and plant in 

the open field? 

3. Which brings the highest prices, early or late tomatoes? 

4. How should the window boxes be made? 

5. What kind of soil should be used? 

6. Is the hotbed better for my purpose than boxes? 



—37— 



7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 

12. 
13. 
14. 



15. 

16. 

17. 



Where should the hotbed be located? 

How is it made? 

What kind of material should be used for heat? 

What kind of soil is best? 

How big a bed will I need for my purpose? (Calculate the num- 
ber of plants needed.) 

Can I start my plants in a greenhouse? 

At what temperature should the soil be when the seed are planted? 

(a) How deep should the seed be planted? (b) How far apart 
should the rows be? (c) How thick should the seed be sown 
in the drill? 

At what temperature should the hotbed be kept until the plants 
are a few days old? 

HoV is the temperature regulated? 

What is "damping off''? How do I check this disease? 



EEFEEENOES : 

1. Kyle and Ellis, p. 213. 

2. Boyle, pp. 63-72. 

3. Davis (Productive Farm Crops), p. 479. 

4. Boyle (Yecretable Growing), pp. 103, 81, 167-169. 

5. Farmers' Bulletin No. 642. 

6. Hlinois Bulletin No. 144. 

7. Indiana Bulletin No. 165. 

8. Maryland Bulletin No. 180. 

9. Tracy (Tomato Culture), pp. 51-63. 

VI. Cold Frames. 

1. Shall I use a cold frame? 

2. Do I know how to make a cold frame ? 

3. Shall I cover the frame with glass or cloth? Why? 

4. How big do I want to make ray cold frame? (How many plants 

do I "need and how many can I set to the square foot in the 
cold frame?) 

5. Shall I use pots, old cans, paper bands, or shall I set them about 

four inches apart in the frame? 

6. What is meant by "hardening off"? 

7. How should I treat the plants so as to harden them? 

8. When should the plants be transferred to cold frame? 

9. When should the plants be set in field ? 



EEFERENCES : 

1. Boyle (Vegetable Growing), pp. 73-97. 

2. Tracv (Tomato Culture), pp. 51-63. 

3. Farmers' Bulletin No. 612. 

4. Indiana Bulletin No. 165. 

5. Illinois Bulletin No. 144. 

6. Maryland Bulletin No. 180. 



—38— 

VII. Transplanting. 

1. How many plants should be set to the acre? 

2. When should the plants be set in the field? 

3. How should I handle the plants in getting them from the cold 

frame to the field so as not to check the growth ? 

4. What tools will I need in transplanting? 

5. How far apart should the plants be set in the drill? 

EEFEEENCES : 

1. Bovle (Vegetable Growing), pp. 81, 171. 

2. Tracv (Tomato Culture), pp. 68-89. 

3. French (Book of Vegetables), pp. 280-282. 

4. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 642, 934. 

5. Indiana Bulletin No. 165. 

6. Mandand Bulletin No. 180. 

7. New Jersey Bulletin No. 103. 

8. Kentucky Bulletin No. 218. 

VIII. Staking and Pruning. 

1. Should I stake and prune my tomatoes? 

2. Which is the best method of staking? 

3. When should they be staked? 

4. How long should the stakes be? 

6. (a) When .should I begin pruning? (b) Do I know how lo 

prune ? 

6. What kind of strings should I use in tying? 

7. How should the plants be tied to the stake? 

8. '\Anien should the groAvth be checked by cutting out the top? 

9. What effect does cutting out the top have on the fruit? 
10. What advantage is there in pruning and staking? 

REFERENCES : 

1. Boyle (Vegetable Growing), pp. 118, 169. 

2. French (Book of Vegetables), p. 280. 

3. Tracv (Tomato Culture), pp. 68-89. ' 

4. Kentucky Bulletin No. 218. 

5. Indiana Bulletin No. 165. 

6. Indiana Circular No. 65. 

7. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 642, 934. 



IX. Cultivation. 

1. Is the tomato' a shallow or a deep-rooted plant? 

2. Should they be cultivated deep or shallow? 

3. In cultivating, should the dirt be thrown up around the plant or 

should the ground be kept practically level? 

4. What kind of plows or cultivators should be used? 

5. (a) W^ill the plants have to be hoed? (b) Why should the 

weeds be kept out? 

6. How often should cultivation be given? 



— 39— 

7. Is intensive cultivation essential? Whv? 

8. When should cultivation cease? 

9. Will it pay to mulch with straw after the last cultivation ? 

KEFEPiENCES : 

1. Bovle (Vegetable Growine). pp. 46-62, 172. 

2. French (Book of Vegetables), pp. 280-282. 

3. Tracy (Tomato Culture), pp. 68-89. 

4. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 642, 934. 

5. New Jersey Circular No. 103. 

6. Maryland Bulletin No. 180. 

7. Montana Bulletin No. 104. 

8. Indiana Circular No. 59. 



5. 
6. 

7. 
8. 
9. 



10. 
11. 

12. 
13. 
14. 



X. Insects and Diseases. 

(a) Do cutworms bother tomato plants? (b) How do you con- 
trol this insect? 

(a) Give life history of the cutworm, (b) Are they worse on sod 
land or land that has been in cultivation? 

(a) Study life history of the tobacco or tomato worm, (b) How 
do you control this in,sect? 

Does the cotton boll worm or the corn ear worm attack the fruit 
of the tomato? 

Is the tomato fruit worm the same as the boll worm? 

(a) What is "Root-Knot"? (b) What causes it? (c) Give 
method of control. 

What is tomato blight? 

What causes tomato blight? 

(a) How many kinds ^of blight work on the tomato? (b) On 



(c) What are the first 



Give method of control. 



what part of the plant does each work? 

symptoms of each? 
Give remedies of controlling blight, 
(a) WHiat is "Leaf Spot'' disease? (b) 
What is "Blossom End Rot"? 

Is this disease caused by soil or atmospheric conditions? 
(a) Does it do any good to hand pick and destroy the diseased 

fruit? (b) Does spraying with fungicides do any good? 



eefeeences : 

1. Weed (The Insect AVbrld), pp. 125-132. 

2. Bovle (Vegetable Growing), pp. 122-138. 

3. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 648, 642. 

4. Florida Bulletins Nos. 125, 134, 139, 146.- 

5. ]\Jichigan Experiment Station Bulletin No. 

6. Georgia Bulletin No. 121. 

7. Maryland Bulletin No. 180. 

8. New Jersey Bulletin No. 104. 

9. New Jersey Bulletin No. 213. 

10. Tracy (Tomato Culture), pp. 123-147. 



25. 



—40— 

Xr. Harvesting a?^d Marketing. 

J. How may I kuow when to pick ni}- tomatoes? 

2. (a) What is meant by "Green Eapped"? (b) What are "Pinks" ? 

3. If I sell to the distant market, when shonld they be picked ? 

4. Should the stems be left on the fruit or picked, off? 

5. Do I know how to pack for shipping? 
G. How are tomatoes graded? 

7. (a) AVhat is a four-basket crate? (b) What is a "Lug"? 

8. What kind of basket or crate shall I use? 
9: How will I. consign my tomatoes? 



REFERENCES : 

1. Boyle (Vegetable Growing), p. 170. 

3. Tracy (Tomato Culture), pp. 90-06. 

3. Farmers' Bulletin No. 642. 

4. Illinois Bulletin No. 144. 

5. New Jersey Extension Bulletin No. ('>. 



—41— 



PROJECT STUDY OUTLINE FOE WHEAT. 
By George H. Wilcox. 



I. Choice of Project. 

J. Is wheat the money crop of this section? 

2. How often do the climatic conditions cause failure? 

3. Is this section infested by insects and diseases that cannot be con- 

trolled ? 
•±. Do I have enough modem machinery to make this project pay F 

5. Do the present conditions favor growing wheat for the local mai'ket? 

6. Does wheat fit in with the crop rotations on my farm? 

EEEERENCES : 

1. Farmers' Bulletin No. ?86. 

2- Neighbors. 

3. Agricultural Instructor. 

II. Selection" and Care of the Seed. 

1. What varieties of wheat are the most successful in this section? 

2. A¥hat variety has my father found best suited to his farm? 

3. What are some of the points to be considered in securing good seed 

wheat ? 

4. PIoAV am I to satisfy myself that my seed are pure and viable? 

5. Am I to treat my seed for fungus diseases before planting? 

6. Shall I buy my seed locally or from some section foreign to my 

community. 

7. How much seed will I need? 

rbpeeenceS : 

1. Montgomery (Farm Crops), pp. 109, 120. 

2. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 616, 139, 618, 186, 895, 732. 

III. Preparation of Land. 

1. What is the best time to begin the preparation of land? 

2. Shall I break -my land or disc it only ? 

3. How deep shall I plow my land? Is there an advantage in deep 

plowing ? 

4. What further preparation will the, soil need!^ 



references : 



1. Livingston (Crop Production), pp. 127-129. 

2. Morgan (Field Crops for Cotton Belt), pp. 323-327. 

3. Duggar (Field Crops), pp. 45-46. 

4. Mont^omerv (Farm Crops), pp. 123-124. 

5. Farmers' Bulletin No. 704. 



—42— 
IT. Fertilizees. 

1. What elements in a fertilizer are the most important for wheat? 

2. In what elements are the local soils usually deficient? 

3. Shall I ai>pty lime to my soil? 

4. Shall I apply barnyard manure or a standard mixed fertilizer? 

5. In what form shall I make the application and at what rate? 

6. If I use a commercial fertilizer, shall I use a home or ready mixed 

brand ? 

REFERENCES : 

1. Montgomery (Farm Crops), pp. 125-126. 

2. Duggar (Field Crops), pp. 46-50. 

3. Morgan (Crops for Cotton Belt), pp. 324-327. 

4. Farmers' Bulletins Fos. 596, 786. 

V. Pl.ANTING. 

1. What are principles gOA^erning the time of seeding? 

2. How does the time of seeding influence tillering? Yield? 

3. What is the best time for fall seeding in my section? For s])ring? 

4. Shall I broadcast the seed or use a drill? 

5. Can I operate and repair a drill? 

6. How much seed shall I use per acre? 

7. To what is winter-killino- due? 



REFERENCES 



1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 
5. 



Morgan (Crops for the Cotton Belt), pp. 328-331. 
Duggar (Field Crops), pp. 52-57. 
Montgomery (Farm Crops), pp. 126-129. 
Livingston (Crop Production), pp. 131-133. 
Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 596, 885, 895, 786, 939, 616. 



VI. Diseases and Insects. 

What are the first pests that injure wheat in this section? 

What is the appearance of rust? How does it spread? 

What are the difi-'erences in the two kinds of smut as to appearaiu^e 

mode of irifection and treatment? 
What is the life history of the Hessian fly? 
What are the methods of control of the chinch bug ? 
Are other diseases or insects likely to destroy my crop? 



REFERENCES : 



1. Morgan (Crops for Cotton Belt), pp. 334-340. 

2. Duggar (Field Crops), pp. 59-64. 

3. Montgomery (Farm Crops), pp. 137-140. 

4. Livingston (Crop Production), pp. 142-144. 

5. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 725, 939, 786. 



-43- 



VIT. Harvesting and Marketing. 

1 . How can I tell when my wheat reaches the stage for harvesting ? 

2. Ts there an ohjection to harvesting over-ripe wheat? 

3. Am I familiar with the best methods of shocking wheat? 

4. How does threshing from shock and curing in stack compare? 

5. How can I tell when grain is ready to thresh ? 
(5. What are the dangers from storing strain? 

7. What are the chief market classes of wheat? 

8. What disposition shall I make of my grain? Of my straw? 

REFERENCES : 

1. Morgan (Crops for Cotton Bell), pp. 334-333. 

2. Montgomery (Farm Crops), pp. 432-135. 

3. Livingston (Crop Production), pp. 434-136. 

4. Dngsfar (Field Crons), pp. 58-59. 

5. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 559, 596, 949, 885, 594, 627, 786. 



—A4^ 



HOG PEOJECT STUDY OUTLINE. 

By Paul W. Chapman, Supervisor of Agricultural Education of 

Missouri. 



The best way to get into the hog business is to buy one or more bred 
sows or gilts. They should be well bred; but do not pay fancy prices 
for pure-bred stock unless you know how you can come out of it. Many 
times you can make arrangements with the breeder to buy your pigs 
back at a good price. 

Finance this project yourself. Make it entirely your own. Most 
banks will loan money for purposes of this kind if they understand 
fully your plan; but they sometimes will ask some member of your 
family to sign your note. 

In the outline references are given for study. The questions asked 
will cover most of your problems. Read the references and in a sep- 
arate note-book (not loose-leaf) make such brief notes as will be of help 
to you. Not a great number of references were given but it is hoped 
that as you read these that you will want to know more about hogs and 
will look for others. 

The hog papers listed m the outline contain some of the most val- 
uable information about hogs that can be found. If the school does 
not take the paper about the breed you like you better get it yourself. 

After you get your hogs don't forget to keep accurate records on them. 
Blanks will be furnished you for this purpose. 

OUTLINE FOR STUDY. 

A. Shall I Select a Hog Project? 

1. Am I so situated that I can raise hogs ? 

2. How much money will I need to carry on the project and where 

wiW I get it? 

3. Have ihe farmers in my county been successful in raising hogs ? 

B. How Shall I Get Started? 

1. What kind of hogs shall I buy? 

a. Shall I raise my hogs for breeding purposes primarily, or 

for pork? 

b. If I raise them for breeding purposes how can I expect to 

sell them? 

2. Shall I buy bred sows or gilts ? 

Day, Chapter 29 ; Dawson, pp. 121, 161. 

3. When do I want them to farrow? » 

. Day, p. 227. 

4. What breed do I like best and why? 

Plumb, Chapter 5; Day, part 3; Dietrich, Chapters 1 to 4. 
Farmers' Bulletin No. 765; Dawson, pp. 280-86. 



5. In the individual T buy what shall I look for in : ( 1 ) Conforma- 
tion; (2) breeding, (3) prolificacy. 

Craig, Chapter 4; Plumb, Chapter 12; Dietrich, Chapter 4. 

C. HoAv Shall I Handle My Sows? 

1. Where shall 1 keep them? 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 438; Dawson, pp. 87-118. 

2. What feed shall I give them? 

Henrv & Morrison, Chapter 34. 
Day, p. 229 ; Dawson, pp. 127-241. 

3. What exercise do they require? v 

Dawson, p. 286. 



D. What Shall I do at Faeeowing Time? 

1. How shall I handle my sows when they farrow in cold weather? 

Day, p. 232; Dawson, p. 133. 

2. What do I feed the sow? 

Henry & Morrison, Chapter 35. 

3. Why do sov/s sometimes eat their pigs? 

Day, p. 2385; Dawson, p. 147. 

4. How can I save all my pigs? 

Dietrich, Chapter 16. 

E. Hov\^ Sliall I Care for the Sow and Sucking Pigs? 

1. What sort of quarters should I provide for the sow and young pigs ? 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 438. 

2. What feed should the sow have? 

Day, p. 234. 

3. What causes scours? 

Day, p. 238; Dawson, p. 274. • 

4. How can the pigs be induced to start eating grain? 

Dietrich, p. 202 ; Dawson, p. 140. 

5. When do I castrate the boar pigs if I sell them for pork? 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 780; Dawson, p. 140. 

6. How do I change the sow's feed when I wean the pigs? 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 874: Dietrich, Chapter 17. 

F. How DO I Handle My Hogs After Weaning Time ? 

1. When shall I breed the sows again ? 

Day, p. 227. 

2. What is a good pig ration? 

Plumb, Chapter 20; Day, Chapter 27. 

3. Why do young pigs need protein feeds? 

Dietrich, p. 117. 

4. \ATiat are some protein feeds that will be good for my pigs? 

Day. Chapter 20. . . ^ 

5. AVhen do I have my pigs vaccinated for cholera and how may I 

prevent it in my herd ? 

Farmers Biilletin No. 834. 



—16— 

6. How can I keep my pigs from having worms? 

Day, p. 34-1; Dawson, p. 297. 

7. Do I appreciate the importance of cleanliness and sanitation? 

Day, Chapter 33; Dawson, p. 301. 

G. Do I Need Forage Ceops foe My Hogs? 

1. Do forage crops make cheap gains? 

Day, Chapter 23; Missouri Bulletin No. 110. 
Dawson, p. 239 ; Purdue Bulletin No. 66. 

2. What forage crops are best? 

3. A¥hat forage can I provide and how can I grow it? 

Piper (Forage Crops) ; Purdue Bulletin No. 66. 

H. "What Shall I Feed When My Hogs Are Almost Mature ? 

1. As my hogs get older do they need as much protein? 

Day, Chapter 38. 
3. Would corn alone be a good feed? 

Day, Chapter 19. 

3. Should I use a self-feeder? 

Missouri Bulletin No. 144. 
Farmers' Bulletin No. 906. 

4. If I sell for breeding purposes what condition do I need to secure? 

5. If I sell for pork what weight should my hogs be? 

Books Eeferred to in the Outline. 

Dawson — "The Hog Book," Saunders Publishing Co., Chicago. 
Day — "Productive Swine Husbandry," Lippincott, Philadelphia. 
Dietrich — "'Swine," Saunders Publishing Co., Chicago. 
Plumb — "Beginninsfs in Animal Husbandry," Webb Publishing Co., 
St. Paul. 

Harper — "Animal Husbandrv for Schools," Macmillan, Chicago. 
Piper — "Forage Crops and How to Grow Them," Macmillan, Chicago. 



Bulletins Eeferred to in Outline. 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 438-— Hog Houses. 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 906- — Self-feeders for Hogs. 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 780- — Castration of Young Pigs. 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 765 — Breeds of Swine. 

Fanners' Bulletin No. 874 — Swine Management. 

Missouri Bulletin No. 110 — Forage Crops for Swine. 

Missouri Bulletin No. 144 — Self-feeders for Fattening Swine. 

Purdue Ext. Bulletin No. 66^How to Grow Forage Crops for Hogs. 

Missouri State Board — Pork Production. 

Missouri State Board — Movable Hog Houses. 

Missouri State Board — Hog Feeding on Missouri Farms. 

Missouri State Board — Live Stock Questions and Answers. 

Kansas Board of Agriculture, Topeka — Hogs in Kansas. 



-47— 



Good Hog Papers Suggested, 

The Swineherd, 407 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, $1 per year. 
The Poland China Journal, 934 Wyandotte St., Kansas City, $1 per 
year. 

The Swine World, 608 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, $1 per year. 
Duroc Bulletin, 608 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, $1 per year. 
Spotted Poland China Journal, Moberly, Mo., 50 cents per year. 
The Hampshire Advocate, Peoria, 111., $1 per year. 
Chester White Journal, Eochester, Ind., 50 cents per year. 
Farm and Stockman, Kansas City, ]\io., $1 per year. 
Missouri Fanner, Columbia, 75 cents per year. 
Journal of Agriculture, St. Louis, 50 cents per year. 
Ozark Countryman, Springfield, 50 cents per year. 
Missouri Euralist, St. Louis, 50 cents per year. 



I 



I 



—48— 

MILK PRODUCTION PROJECT OUTLINE. 
By C. L. Davis, Austin, Texas. 



I. Choice or Peoject. 

1. Can [ secure enough producing cows to make the project a finan- 

cial success? 

2. When do I wish the cows to freshen? Why? 

3. Shall I retail or wholesale the milk ? Is the demand good through- 

out the year? 

4. What disposition can I make of any surplus? Could I market it 

as hutter or ice cream ? 

5. What breed of cows do I prefer ? 

6. Is the feed to be raised or purchased? 

7. Can I o-et suitable shelter for the cows? 



REFERENCES : 

1. Harper (Manual of Farm Animals), Chapter VI. 

2. Plumb (Types and Breeds of Farm Animals), Chapters 

1.2 to 44. 

3. Eckles & Warren (Dairy Farming), Chapter III. 

4. Farmers' Bulletin No. 893. 

5. Hoard's Dairyman. 

6. Parents. 

7. Local Dairymen. 

II. Barn and Milk House. 

1. Of what material is the floor constructed? 

2. What material is best adapted for flooring a dairy barn? Are 

there any objections to the use of concrete? 

3. What provisions are made for cleanliness: Of floor? Of walls? 

Of cows? 

4. What provision is made for sunlight and ventilation? 

5. Why is the question of ventilation less important in Texas than 

in Wisconsin ? 

6. How should the silo be located in relation to the barn? 

7. Discuss the plan of having the cows face inward in the stable. Has 

this any advantage over the plan of having them face outward-^ 

8. What do I think of the manure spreader as a labor-saving device!' 

9. If there is a milk house, how is the water to be heated? 

10. In case I do not have the use of a milk house, how do I intend to 

keep the milk utensils clean? 

11. What type of milk pails are best suited for the production of clean 

milk ? 

references : 

1. Dairy and General Purpose Barn, National Lumber As- 
sociation. 



—49— 

2. Washburn's Productive Dairying, Chapters 21 and 27. 

3. A Milk House for Texas (A. and M. College). 

4. Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 689, 623, 602, 748, 355. 

III. Choice of Breeds. 

1. What breed holds the record for production of butter fat in a year? 

A month? What are the amounts produced? 

2. What is dairy type ? How can I pick out an animal having dairy 

temperament ? 

3. Name the largest breed ? What is the weight of the cow ? Of the 

bull? 

4. What breed has the reputation of consuming the largest amount of 

roughage ? 

5. What breed has the largest number of representatives in the com- 

munity ? 

6. How many pounds of milk should a cow produce per year to be 

profitable? 

7. ■ How many pounds of butter fat should this milk contain? 

8. How would I secure additional authentic information in regard to 

the breeds? 

9. Have any cows in this community been tested for advanced reg- 

istry? 

EEPERElSrCES : 

1. Washburn (Production Dairying), pp. 62-130. 

2. Plumb (Types and Breeds of Farm Animals), pp. 249- 

331. 

3. Wing (Milk and Its Products), pp. 64-76. 

4. Eckles (Dairy Cattle and Milk Production), pp. 27-106. 

5. Farmers' Bulletin No. 893. 



IV. Feeding. 

1. What concentrates can I produce on the farm? 

2. What other concentrates are necessary? Shall I purchase all at 

once or as needed? 

3. What is my cheapest source of protein? 

4. Is it practical to have any winter pasture? 

5. Discuss the use of wheat and oats as a source of winter pasture? 

6. Na-me the wild grasses that are good pasture grasses in this region. 

7. What hays will I produce? 

8. A^Hiat kind of- hay shall I purchase? At what season can it be 

purchased most cheaply ? 

9. Shall I feed a balanced ration? 

10. Discuss the necessity of keeping a record of the feed of each cow. 

Why should the amount given each one vary? 

11. How do I kuow when a feed is becoming too expensive? 

12. What is the cost of feed per day per cow? 

references : 

1. Eckles & Warren (Dairv Farming), Chapter 5. 

2. Washburn (Production Dairying), Chapter 23. 



—50— 

3. Henry & Morrison (Feeds and Feeding), Chapter 22. 

4. Farmers' Bulletin No. 777. 

V. Management. 

1. What is the gestation period for cows? 

2. Should cows be permitted to milk all year? 

3. How can I dry off a cow? 

4. What attention should a dry cow receive? 

5. Is it necessary to milk a cow before the calf is bom? 

6. Discuss care of cow at time of calving. What disposition should 

be made of the calf? If the calf is kept, how should it be fed?' 

7. What is milk fever? 

8. How is it controlled? 

9. How often should a cow be milked when fresh? 

10. When should the cow be bred again? At what age should a heifer 

be bred? 

11. What are some of the things that should be kept in mind when 

milking ? 

12. Why should cows be milked clean? 

13. How many cows would you have to milk before you could afford 

to own a m.ilking machine? 

14. Are there any milking machines in the community? 

15. What is the economic importance of making a cow comfortable 

during the night ? 

16. Discuss watering — importance and amount. 

17. Why should cows be salted regularly? 

18. Why do I think that it pays to treat a cow with kindness? 

19. Why is it poor policy to feed cows as little as possible? 

20. What disposition Avill be made, of the manure? 

21. How much manure will a cow produce per year and what is it« 

valae? 

22. How can losses be prevented in the handling oi manure? 

23. W^hat is the cost of a manure spreader? 

EEEEEENCES : 

1. Eckles (Dairy Cattle and Milk Production), Chapter-* 

10, 11, 17,^18. 

2. Eckles & Warren (Dairy Farming), Chapter 4. 

3. Washburn (Production Dairying), Chapter 19. 

4. Farmers' Bulletin No. 777. 

5. Harper (Manual of Farm Animals), Chapter 9. 

6. Hoard's Dairyman. 

7. Farm and Eanch. 

YI. Milk Peoduction. 

1. Discuss the following as factors in the production of clean milkr 

cow : milker, pails, strainers, barn, flies, wash water ? 

2. Should I sell whole milk or cream ? What disposition can I make 

of skim m.ilk? What is its value as a food? 

3. Why is it so im])ortant that milk be kept clean? 

4. Discuss the standards of purity set up by the various cities. 



/ 



-51— 



6. What is pasteurized milk? Certified? Clarified? 

6. Whv do they sell for a higher price than common market milk? 

7. Most cities have milk inspectors? What are their duties? 



1. 

2. 
3. 

4. 



KEPEEENCES : 



Washburn C Production Dairying), Chapter 26, 
Farmers' Bulletin No. 603. 
Wing (Milk and Its Products), appendix. 
Eckles & Warren (Dairy Farming), 177-181. 
Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 490, 413, 206. 



VII. Testing Milk and Ceeam. 

1, Discuss the work of cow testing associations in Texas. 

2. What is the object of testing milk? 

0. Who invented the machine for making the test? 

4. Eeview the steps in making the test. 

5. Can the per cent of butter fat be increased by changing the feed? 

EEFEKENCES : 

1. Harper (Manual of Farm Animals). 

2. Wing (Milk and Its Products). 

3. Van^ Slyke (Modern Methods of Testing Milk and Its 

Products) . 

4. Eckles (Dairy Cattle and Milk Production). 

5. Washburn (Production Dairying). 

VII. CitEAM SePAEATOES. 

1. Give several reasons for using cream separators. 

2. Can I use one in connection with my project? 

3. How many cows should a man have before purchasing a separator? 

4. On what principle does the separation of milk and cream depend? 

5. Give some reasons for churning cream instead of whole milk. 

6. What did the separator that I used cost? Were the repair bills 

heavy ? 

7. Does the separator pay for itself? 

8. How long does it require to wash it? 

9. Name the points that determine the efficiency of skimming. 

10. What is the weight of a gallon of water, of skim milk, of 20 per 

cent cream? 

11. What is the specific gravity of whole milk? 

12. Make a comparison of the relative food values of milk and several 

other foods. 

EEFEEENCES : 

1. Washburn (Production Dairying), Chapter 29, 

2. Wing (Milk and Its Products), Chapter 9. 

IX. Daiet Eecoeds. 

1. Will I keep a record of the number of pounds of milk produced 
bv each cow? 



—53- 



2. flave I a regular form for this record? 

3. How many pounds of milk per day is my cow now producing? 

Does this pay for the cost of the feed and labor? 

4. How many pounds of butter fat does this milk contain? 

5. What is the market price of butter fat? 

G. Why is the price so near that paid for butter? 

KEFEREISrCES : 

1. Hoard's Dairyman. 

X. Common Ailments of Daiey Cattle. 

1. In my community what are the common diseases? 

2. Can they be controlled? Are the methods of control expensive? 

Thoroughly effective? 
A. How is milk fever controlled? 

4. Has the foot and mouth disease been found in the neighborhood? 

What is its control? 

5. How is the test for tuberculosis made ? 

6. Discuss the spread of contagious abortion. 

7. Has experience with my fathers herd led me to believe that dairy- 

ing is usually profitable? 



references 



1. 

2. 
3. 

4. 



Harper (Manual of Farm Animals), Chapter 9. 
Eckles & Warren (Dairy Farming), Chapter 7. 
Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 790, 784, 666, 569, 351, 206. 
Diseases of Cattle, Department of Agriculture, Wash- 
ton. D. C. 



PEOJECT STUDY OUTLINE FOE BABY BEEF PEODUCTION. 

Pkepaeed by the Department of Agricultural Education, Vir- 
ginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia. 



10. 



11. 



I. Eeasons eor Choosing Baby Beep Production as My Project. 

1. Will beef production lit in better with my project plans than any 

other class of live stock? 

2. Will the raising of beef calves be of assistance in the economicai 
marketing of my crops? 

What breed of cattle does my father raise and feed? 

Is this the best breed for baby beef production? 

Does he grow out and fatten these cattle largely on grass or m the 

feed lot? 
At what age is he accustomed to market them? 
Are my conditions favorable for the production of baby beef? 
Under my home conditions will it be more profitable to push the 

calves and market at approximately at eighteen months of age, 

or hold them for a longer period on less expensive feed? 
Are prospects good for extending baby beef production an my com- 

munitv? .,^ ,^ 

Shall I have sufficient grazing for my stock? Will the necessary 

concentrates be available? 
Will I be able to finance the cost of stock and feed on a scale large 

enough to repay me well for my work? 

references : 

Hunt & Burkett (Farm .Animals), 182-183. 
Farmers' Bulletin No. 811. 
Agricultural Instructor. 
Father. 

II. Selection of Stock. 

Shall I look primarily for breed characteristics or for type in mak- 
ing my selection of stock? 

What must I consider in regard to form in order to be assured of 
proper size, vigor, quality, and ease of feeding and fattening? 

At what age shall I procure my stock in order to market at the 
proper time and condition, and make the most of my supply of 

feed? 

What should be the weight of these calves when secured? 

Will calves born in the spring or fall months be best for my pur- 
pose? -1X1, 2 

Will it be best for me to make use of calves raised at home i 
How have these calves been fed from birth? 

If possible, will it be of advantage to me to look at the sire and, 
dams of these calves? 



1. 



4. 
5. 

6. 



1. 



3. 

4. 

5. 
6. 



10. 

11. 
12. 



—54— 

Why is the early method of handling so important in determining 
the stock that I should select? 

KEFEEENCES : 

Hunt & Burkett (Farm Animals), pp. 182-190. 

Plumb (Beginnings .in Animal Husbandry), pp. 174-182. 

Farmers^ Bulletin JN"o. 84. 

TIT. Quarters. 

Will it be possible for me to arrange for space for my calves in the 

farm barn for winter feeding? 
If space is not available, could it be easily provided ? How ? 
Is a tight barn necessary for this purpose? 
What is the type of feed lot and shed often used for beef cattle 

wintering and fattening pens? 
What is the most essential condition in regard to shelter if we are 

to secure good results? 
How shall I arrange the quarters so that the labor of feeding may 

be reduced to a minimum? 

REFERENCES : 

P]umb (Beginnnigs in Animal Husbandly), pp. 313-324. 

JV. Feedhstg Before Weening. 

Shall I milk the cows or allow my calves to run with their dams 

and get all the milk? (Consider calves and economy.) 
Would it be more economical for me to Avean at birth and raise 

them on skim milk and substitutes? 
Will this method produce as good baby beef? 
What other methods could I use that Avould be less extreme than 

either of the above? 
How soon after birth shall I begin to feed grain and other feeds? 
^A^■lat grain or grains Avill be satisfactory at this time? 
Will my method vary in case of fall and spring cables? 
In case of s])ring-bom calves, how soon after birth should they be 

fed something in addition to milk and pasture? 
What Avill constitute a good supplemental feed? 
When shall I begin feeding fall-born calves to supplement milk 

and hay? 
In either case hoAv shall the feed be increased and changed? 
At what a^e should spring calves be weaned? Fall calves? 

REFERENCES : 

Hunt & Burkett (Farm Animals), pp. 214-216. 
Farmers' Bulletin No. 811. 



V. General Care. 

How shall I wean my calves so that they will not feel the change 
more than is absolutelv necessary? 



-55— 



When will it be necessary to vaccinate the calves for blackleg? 

(a) At what age first? (b) How often? (c) Where may 

the serum be obtained? 
AVhen shall I castrate my male calves? 
How should this be done to avoid complications? 
Which method of dehorning shall I use? 
What care shall I exercise in regard to feed troughs and watering? 

EEFEEENCES : 

Hunt & Burkett (Farm Anmials), pp. 488-498. 

Mayo (Diseases of Animals), pp. 364-369, 179-181, 181-187. 

Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 811, 949. 

Breeders' Grazette. 



10. 
11. 



VI. Feeding and Finishing. 

What concentrated feeds will I have for my calves? 

Will it be advisable for me to feed more than one roughage ? 

Of what will my ration consist just after weaning? 

How rapidly will it be safe for me to increase the quantity and 

vary the content of this ration? 
At one year of age how many pounds of grain and roughage will 

be consumed by each calf? 
During; the finishing period, how shall I estimate the amount of 

grain to be fed? How much hay? 
What concentrate will be especially helpful in putting on a good 

"finish" ? 
Will I be able to provide enough pasture to take the place of much 

of the roughage needed in my rations? 
Will any green feed be available in late fall and early spring? 
What care must I exercise in changing from dry feed to pasture ? 
Shall I estimate in advance the total amount of feeds that will be 

needed in addition to pasture? 



EEFEEENCES : 



Henrv & Morrison (Feeds and Feeding), pp. 305-306. 
Farmers' Bulletin No. 811. 
Breeders' Grazette. 



A^II. Hogs FoLLov^aNG Baby Beeves. 

1. Will it be profitable to have hogs follow my calves in the feed lot? 

2. What size should these hogs be? 

Z. How may I arrange to secure the use of these hogs? 

4 How many shall I need to make best use of the wasted feed? 

5. Shall T feed them anything in addition to what is provided the 

calves ? 
(). What gains v/ill be made by the hogs for each bushel of corn fed 

the calves? 



-56— 



REFERENCES : 



Henrv & Morrison (Feeds and Feeding) (abridged), pp. 

299-300. 
Farmers' Bulletin No. 811. 
Breeders' Gazette. 

VIII. Showing and Marketing. 

1, Shall I exhibit my calves at the county fair? 

2, Are they uniform in size and color? 

3. How shall I prepare them so that they will show to best advautage? 

4. Shall I combine with other agricultural students and ship a car- 

load to the State Fair? 
r>. How shall I feed them in preparation for shipping? 
6. From a study of the market quotations what price may I ezpect 

for my baljA' beeves? 



REFERENCES ; 



Hunt & Burkett (Farm Animals), pp. 499-517. 
Breeders' Gazette. 



SEIEEP PEODUCTION PEOJECT OUTLINE. 

P>\ J A. Bakton^ Teacher of Vocation- al Agricultuee, Hillsboeo^ 

Texas. 



I. What Are the Opportunities for Spieeping Eaising in Thi^ 

Section? 

1. Climatic requirements for sheep production. 

2. May I use any of the farm for sheep that is not now profitable? 

3. Local market requirements. 

4. Is there roughage on the farm that can be used for the feeding 

of sheep? 

5. Will it pay to sell the grain and hay or to have sheep and feed 

it to them? 

6. Are there any serious pest, diseases, or trouble from sheep killing 

dogs that may make sheep production unprofitable? 

7. May "stock be secured at reasonable price? 

8. What returns should be expected? 

(t. How will sheep production fit in with the rest of the farm business? 
10. How much time -^ill the sheep require? 

II. Do I like sheep and would I become proficient in their manage- 

ment ? 

references: 

State Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 44, pp. 4-9. 

Coffee, pp. 1-26. 

Sheep Eaisinff for Beginners, Farmers' Bulletin No. 840, 

pp. 1-8. 
Sheep Killing Dogs, Farmers' Bulletin No. 935, pp. 1-6. 
Kleiuheinz (Sheep Management), pp. 15-20. 

II. How Shall I Get a Start? 



2. 



9. 

10. 



What shall be my aim in sheep raising? (1) Mutton; (2) wool; 

(3) breeder; (4) feeder. 
When is the best time to make a start? 
Should I start with pure bred or grade ewes? Why? 
What are the advantages to a community for all the farmers to 

have one breed of sheep? 
What should be the age of the breeding stock? 
What would be the danger of starting with a large flock of sheep? 
How can the age of a sheep be determined? 
What are the limiting factors as to the number of sheep you should 

keep? 
Can sheep be used on my farm to keep down obnoxious weeds i 
What should be the age of the rams? 



-58- 



REFERENCES : 

Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 840, 929. ■ 
Harper, pp. 359-363. 
K., pp. 1-18. 

III. What Breed Shall I Select? 

1. What is the history of the breed? 

2. What breeds best for pure wool, mutton and coarse wool? 

3. What are the distinguishing feature of each breed? 

4. What are the strong and weak points of each breed? 

5. Is the breed suitable to this locality ? 

6. Would it become popular? 

7. What are the chief characteristics ? (a) General appearance; (b) 

head and neck; (c) forequarters ; (d) body; (e) hind quarters; 
(f) quality of wool. 

8. Can I select the best individuals of the breed? 

9. What should be the characteristics of the ewe? (a) Size; (b) 

maturity; (c) form; (d) feet and legs; (e) quality; (f) fem- 
ininity; (g) uniformity of flock; (h) sound in milking organs. 

10. What are the main points showing sex characteristics of the ram ? 

(a) Active, vigorous, 1 to 3 years old; (b) pure bred; (c) sym- 
metrical and evenly developed. 

11. Why is it important to look over flock from which selection should 

be made? 

12. What will the animal cost, and where can I get this? 

REFERENCES : 

U. S. D. A. No. 593. 

Farmers' Bulletins, Nos. 840, 576. 

Sheep Production in Texas, T. D. A. B. No. 44, pp. 10-35. 

Cofl'ee (Production Sheep Industry), pp. 82-215. 

Harper (Animal Husbandry for Schools), pp. 197-231. 

Plumb, pp. 333-449. 

H. B., pp. 225-245. 

K., pp. 249-29 L 

IV. What Equipment Will I ISFeed for Eaising Si-ieep? 

1. Can I remodel the present, farms or part of them for my sheep? 

2. Can I plan an ideal farm for sheep? 

3. What are the essentials of a good sheep farm? 

4. Can I make feed rar-ks and troughs that will be required? 

5. ^Hiat equipment are needed to care for the lambing period? 

6. What are creeps, and how made? 

7. How are hurdles used for sheep and how -made ? ' 

8. What are the requirements for a good sheep fence? 

9. Should it be dog proof ? 

10. What means can I use for dipping the sheep? 

11. What device should be provided for watering the sheep ? 

12. What kinds of shade should be provided for summer? 

13. How can a temporary sheep fence be made? 



—59— 



EEFERENCES : 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 810. 

H. B., p. 253. 

K., pp. 65-68, 39. 

H. A., pp. 433-438. 

H., pp. 248-249, 253-256. 

Coffee, pp. 270-271, 435-448. 

Texas Department of Agriculture, pp. 37, 40-43. 

V. Do I Understand How to Handle Sheep? 

1. What are the habits of sheep? 

2. Is it necessary to handle sheep quietly? 

3. What are the methods of catching and moving from place to place? 

4. How can a sheep be set on his rump? 

5. How can they be loaded in a wagon? 

6. Can I make a suitable crate for shipping sheep ? 

references : 

Texas Department of Agriculture, p. 43. 
K., pp. 19-27. 
Coffee, pp. 82-96. 

Vr. Can I Give Breeding Sheep Proper Care? 

1. What is the age of breeding ewes? 

2. What is the period of gestation? 

3. What are the times to breed? 

4. Through what methods can I determine time to breed? 

5. Why is it important to have ewes in gaining condition? 

6. Shall I keep up my ram or let him run with the flock? 

7. Why must I keep my ewes sheltered from cold rains and storms? 

8. What are the advantages in confining breeding raiu? 

9. What care should be given a confined ram? ' 

10. What methods can be used to determine when the ewes are bred? 

11. Why should careful record be kept of the breeding? 

12. What care sliould be given the ewes after lambing? 

references: ' - 

Texas Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 44, pp. 67-69, 
Texas Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 205. 
Farmers' Bulletin No. 840, pp. 11-17. 
H. A., pp. 403-421. 
H., pp. 216-247. 
K., pp. 39-60. 

YII. Can I Feed My Sheep at All Seasons for the Best Eesults? 

1. How can. the need for feed be determined by the condition of the 

sheep ? 

2. What feeds should be given ewes before and after breeding? 

3. What feeds can be given in the fall? 



—60— 

4. How may the sheep be used to advantage in cleaning up roughage 

on the farm at this time? 

5. What kind of roughage can best be used in winter? 

6. Why is clover or alfalfa better for feed than com stalks or oat hay ? 

7. What are the advantages of supplying some grain with the rough- 

age? 

8. Why is some succulent feed necessary? 

9. Do I know how to work out the best ration to feed my sheep? 

10. What is the best kind of pasture? 

11. Should I give any special attention to the pasture? 

12. Do I know the best rations to feed rams, growing lambs, fattening 

lambs, and pregnant ewes? 

13. What considerations should be made in selections of feeds? 

14. What influence has proper feeding have upon the health of sheep? 

EEFERENCES : 

Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin No. 186, 

p. 205. 
Texas Department of Agriculture Bulletin JSTo. 44, pp. 60-69. 
K., pp. 131-175. 
H. M., pp. 521-547. 
Coffee, pp. 266-290, 355-390. 
H. B., pp. 247-256. 
Woll, pp. 317-334. 

Till. What Aee the Most Impoktant Phases of Geneeal Cake 
TO Be Given Attention? 

1. How can protection be best given in winter? 

2. Can sheep stand much dampness? Why not? 

3. What importance is exercise in winter? 

4. ^\niat care should be given pregnant ewes? 

.5. Has the State any law regarding sheep killing dogs? 

■6. What provisions must be made in supplving fresh water and salt? 

'.7. How may bloating be avoided? 

b8. What must be done in case of bloating ? 



eeperenoes. 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 935. 

Coifee, pp. 241-242, 441-442, 361-364. 

IX. Do I Know How to Control Parasites and Peevent Diseases ? 

What are the causes of the following? 

1. Sheep scab. 

(1 ) Symptoms. 

(2) How is the disease transmitted? 

(3) How can scab be detected from other trouble? 

(4) Treatment. Dipping. How? 

(5) Why is prompt action important? 

2. Sheep tick. 

(1) Same as above. 



3. 



4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 



— 61— 

Stoinach worm. 

(1) Nature. 

(2) Life history. 

(3) Symptoms. 

(4) Prevention and control measures. 

What means can I employ to prevent foot rot? 

Tape worm. 

Grub in the head. 

The maggot fly. 

Lice. 

Why should the premises be kept clean and regularly dis- 
infected ? 

REFEEENCES : 

Farmers' Bulletins Kos. 810, 713, 793. 

Coffee, pp. 296-313. 

Texas Department' of Agriculture Bulletin No. 44, pp. 57-60, 

K., pp. 105-130. 



2. 

3. 

4. 
5. 
6. 

7. 



10. 

11. 
12: 



X. Can I Manage My Ewes Properly at Lambing Time? 

How can I plan my work so as to give proper attention to sheep 

at lambing time? 
How should ewes be treated just before lambing and first two or 

three days after? 
What may be done if very cold weather? 
Should ewes be separated from rest of sheep? 
What may be done if ewe disowns a lamb? 
What should be done if ewe udder is swollen? 
How should sore teats be treated? 
How may a chilled lamb be handled? 
What treatment should be given in case of sore eyes or mouth, 

constipation or indigestion ? 
When is the best time, and what method of docking and castration 

or lambs ? 
How may the lambs be marked for identification? 
Why should careful record be kept of lambs to be used as breeding 

stock ? 

REFERENCES : 

Departmeiit of Agriculture Bulletin No. 20. 

Coffee, pp. 247-266. 

Texas Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 44, pp. 37-42. 

K., pp. 33-60. 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 929. 



XT. Hov^r Shalt, I Prepare Lambs for Market? 

1. What are the best methods of marketing? 

2. VJhy profitable to market lambs early? 

3. What are hothouse lambs? How produced? 

4. Why necessary to have everything clean ? 

5. How can the palatability of the feed be increased? 



—62- 



9. 
10. 
11. 



10. 
11. 
13. 



M^hat are the advantages and disadvantages of having the lamb to 

follow after ewe in pasture? 
What plan can be used to avoid stomach worms? 
How many methods can be used in fattening lambs, which you are 

going to use? 
What crops are best suited for a soiling crop ? 
What are the advantages of using soiling crop? 
What forage crop and what method of rotation and management 

of such crop would he best suited to the section? 

REFERENCES : 

Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin No. 186. 
H. M., pp. 560-567. 
Woll, pp. 324-332. 
K., pp. 167-175. 

XII. How Shall I Market My Lambs and Wool? 

At what age should lambs be marketed? 

Why as early as possible? 

Through what means can I keep in touch with market conditions? 

What are the market classes of sheep ? 

Can I secure full value on the market? 

Do I have an. opportunity to co-operate in marketing sheep? 

Do I thoroughly understand the best methods of shearing sheep? 

What are the best ways to handle the wool in order to get the best 

price ? 
How can I manage 2ny sheep in order to have the best grade of 

wool? 
What time of year is the best to shear?- 
Do I understand the market classes of wool? 
Will it on the average pay to sell wool at shearing time or hold 

for higher prices? 

REFERENCES : 

Hints for Sheep-shearing Time, Kos. 115 and 117. 

(J. M. Jones, Experiment Station, A. and M. College, 

Texas.) 
K., pp. 289-299, 89-100. 

Texas Experiment Station Bulletin JSTo. 44, pp. 71-85. 
Coffee, pp. 449-460, 402-424. 

LEGEND. 

State Department of Agriculture, Sheep Production in Texas. 

CofPee, Productive Sheep Husbandry. 

Kleinheinz (Sheep Management). 

Harper (Manual of Farm Animals). 

Harper (Animal Husbandry for Schools). 

U. S. Department of Agriculture. 

Plumb (Types and Breeds of Farm Animals). 

H. M. (Feeds and Feedings). 

Hunt & Burkett (Farm Animals). 

Woll (Productive Feeding of Farm Animals). 



—63— 

EGG PRODUCTION PROJECT. 

By Feed S. Eussell, Vocational Instructor, Kirksville, Mo. 



I. Introduction, 

1. Why shall I select egg production as a project? 

2. Am I interested in the project ? 

3. How much money will I need to start? 

4. Have I the necessary land? 

5. How does poultry keeping rank among farm industries? 

6. How does Missouri rank as an ep-q- producing State? 

7. How does my county rank in Missouri ? 

references : 

Yearbook, State Board of Agriculture, Jefferson City. 
Lewis (Productive Poultry Husbandry), pp. 28-35, 41-63. 
Farmers' Bulletin No. 287 (Poultry Management"), U. S. 
Department of Agriculture. 

II. Selection of Stock. 

1. What kind of chickens shall I use — pullets or mature hens? 

2. How shall I select my stock? 

3. Where shall I get it? 

4. What size and color of egs; does my market demand? 

5. What breed shall I select? 

Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 51 and 806. 

Bulletin No. 19, Missouri Poultry Experiment Station, Mt. 

Grove. 
Circular No. 70, Agricultural Ext. Service, Columbia, Mo. 
Lewis (Productive Poultry Husbandry), pp. 63-103. 



1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 



III. House and Range. 

Have I a satisfactory house ? If not, shall I remodel or build one ? 

How large should the house be ? AVhat shape ? What plan ? 

Of what material — roof, walls, foundation, floor? 

How shall I ventilate? Why? 

How arrange the interior and nests? 

How does my house face? Vfhy? 

Where will the hens range? What slope? 

references : 

Missouri Poultry House Circular No. 80, Agricultural Exp. 

Station, Columbia. 
Fool Proof Poultry House Bulletin No. 4, Poultry Exp. 

Station, Mountain Grove, Mo. 



-64^- 



Farmers' Biilletin No. 274 (Poultr}^ House Construction) ^ 
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 

Ext. Bulletin No. 37 (Movable Poultry Houses), Iowa State 
College, Ames, Iowa. 

Lewis (Productive Poultry Husbandry), pp. 104-168. 

IV. Feeds and Feeding. 

1. Study good rations and choose one that is satisfactory^ but low in 

cost. 

2. When and how will you feed your ration? 

3. Will you supply a variety? Any green food? Crit? 

4. "Vl^at things should be included in every ration? 

5. Does feed aifect the color or flavor of eggs? 

6. How will the season affect the ration? 

7. How should the ration be varied to suit the breed? 

8. How should broody hens be fed? 

9. How often and when should hens be fed? 

10. Figure accurately the number of pounds of each feed to allow hens 
per day, then feed it unless it is not cleaned up by the hens. 

eeferences : 

Circular No. 76 (Feeding for Egg Production), Agricultural 

Exp. Station, Columbia, JMo. 
Circular No. 59, Agricultural Ext. Service, Columbia, Mo, 
Circular No. 82 (Protein Feeds for Laying Hens), Agricul- 

tural Ext. Service, Columbia, Mo. 
Lewis (Productive Poultry Husbandry) pp. 169-220. 

V. Care of Eggs. 

1. "Swat the Booster" unless producing eggs for incubation. 

2. Why do infertile eggs keep longer than fertile? 

3. Should dirty eggs be washed? 

4. Do odors affect the odor or flavor of the egg? 

5. When should eggs be gathered? Delivered? 

6. How shall I break up my broody hens? 

7. How can eggs be preserved? Which way is the most satisfactory*^' 

references : 

Bulletin No. 5 (Production and Handling of Market Eggs),, 

Poultry Experiment Station, Mt. Grove, Mo. 
Lewis (Productive Poultry Husbandry), pp. 429-443. 



VI. Insects and Diseases. 

1. Effect of good ventilation? 

2. Effect of good food and water? 

3. Why must I keep the house and yards clean? 

4. How shall I care for sick hens? 



—65- 



5. EIow shall I treat lice, mites, scaly leg, canker, diphtheria, roup, 
diarrhea, cholera, limberueck, worms and gape ? Learn to know 
and treat common diseases. Practice cleanliness and sanitation 
and in so doing you will seldom have to practice what you know 
about curing diseases. 

'6, How may colds be prevented? 

REFEKENCES : 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 957 (Important Poultry Diseases; 
Farmers' Bulletin No. 801 (Mites and Lice on Poultry). 
Lewis (Productive Poultry Husbandry), pp. 496-514. 

VII. Marketing. 

1. How shall I dispose of my eggs? For hatching? For table? 

2. How shall I pack my egg's? Container? Uniformity? 

3. How shall I keep them till ready to sell? 

4. How long shall I keep them till selling? 

5. Shall I preserve my table eggs when eggs are cheap? ^ 

6. How and where can I create a demand for my eggs? 

7. Does it pay to create such demand ? 

REFERENCES : 

A. H., Series G 25, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 
. Farmers' Bulletin No. 830 (Marketing Eggs by Parcel Po-t ) , 
TJ. S. Department of Agriculture. 
■ Lewis (Productive Poultry Husbandry), pp. 429-443. 
Farmers' Bulletin No. 445. 

* VIII. Accounts and Management. 

1. What accounts shall I keep? 

2. How often shall I balance mv accounts? 

3. When do eggs pay best according to prices recorded? 

4. How shall I make my hens lay at that time ? 

5. I should make at least $100 on my project. How many hens shoul I 

I keep to expect that profit? Have I available space and in 
clination to keep more? 

references : 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 287 (Poultry Management), U. S. 

Department of Agriculture. 
Lewis (Productive Poultry Husbandry), pp. 453-472. 

general references : 

American Standard of Perfection, American Association, Mansfield, 
Ohio. 

Eobinson (Principles and Practices of Poultry Culture). 

W. A. Lippincott (Poultry Production). 

Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 41, 51, 528, 357 and 287 (Poultry Diseases), 
TJ. S. Department of Agriculture. 



—ee— 

POULTRY PRODUCTION PROJECT STUDY OUTLINE. 
By James W, Tetkick, Vocational Instructor, Houston, Mo. 



I. Inteoduction. 

The poultry business has been increasing for a number of years. At 
present it is one of the farmer-s chief resources. For that reason this 
project has been prepared. 

This project is intended to cover the main principles of poultry rais- 
ing, including selecting a l)reed of chickens, incuba^tion, caring for young 
chicks, disposing of the culls, feeding hens for egg production and mar- 
keting eggs. 

Before a girl or a boy selects this project he should have a special 
interest in poultry. He should have an appropriate place to carry on 
this work. I think no boy or girl should attempt this project unless 
he has at least one acre of land. The success of this project will de- 
pend to a large extent upon the amount of reading and studying one does. 

II. Purpose. 

1. AVhy should T select a project including hatching and raising chick- 

ens for egg production? 

2. Will it be possible for me to finance this project? 

3. Am I really interested in raising 'chickens? 

4. What expense may I expect? 

eeferences : 

Lewis (Productive Poultrv Husbandry), pp. 1-62. 
Brigham (Progressive Poultry Culture), pj). 13-26. 
Warren (Earm Management), p. 121. 

III. Plan. 

L What sized incubator shoulf! I have to insure thirty to fifty pullett-'r 

2. AVhat type of machine should I use? 

3. What breed of chickens should I select and when should they be 

hatched ? Wliy ? "American Standards of Perfection." 

4. Where? Purvis (Poultry Breeding). 

5. After my chickens are hatched how should I feed them? 

EEFERENCES : 

Lewis (Poultry Keeping), pp. 122-126. 

Lewis (Productive Poultry Husbandry), pp. 331-334. 

Brigham (Progressive Poultry Culture), pp. 64-66. 

IV. Eggs. 

1. Shall T raise ch'ckens for e.Q-o; or meat nroduction or both? Wbv ? 

2. Shall I incubate old or fresh eo-gs? Why? 



—67— 



4. 

5. 
6. 

7. 



9. 
10. 
11. 

12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

16. 



What effect does the age of the hen have upon the hatching quali- 
ties of the egg? 

Why should eggs be selected from strains having high production 
records ? 

What would be an average egg production for a farm flock? 

Should the abnormal egg be rejected? Why? 

What treatment should the eggs receive before being placed in an 
incubator ? 

When should the eggs be placed in the incubator? 

What care should the eggs be given during incubation? 

What temperature should be kept? 

What special care should be given the last three days ? Why ? 

Should the eggs be turned before the lamp is filled? Why? 

When should the eggs be candled? 

What should I do with the infertile eggs? 

Why should jhe incubator door be closed while the eggs are hatch- 
ing? 

Where should the incubator be placed to insure the 'best hatch? 



REFERENCES : 

Lewis (Poultry Keeping), Chapters 8, 9, 11. 

Lewis (Productive Poultry Husbandry), pp. 287-288, 305- 

307, 335-347. 
Brigham (Progressive Poultry Culture), pp. 50-69. 
Bulletin. No. 15 (Incubation and Brooding), Mountain 

Grove, Mo. 



1. 

9 



V. Brooding tjete Chicken. 

When should T begin feeding the chickens? Why? 
What kind of food ? 
How should 1 brood the chickens? 

Should the incubator be used for the first days to brood the 
chickens? 

REFERENCES : 

Lewis (Poultry Keeping), Chapters 12-13. 

Lewis (Productive Poultry Husbandry), pp. 358-367. 

Brigham (Progressive Poultry Culture), pp. 69-86. 



VI. Coops, Houses and Eange. 

1 . After the yoimg chickens are feathered what kind of a coop should 

be used? 

2. What sized hen house ■hould be used to accommodate thirty pullets? 

3. What kind of house should be built? 

4. How should the interior be arranged? 

5. How large a range should I have? 

6. Where should the house be located? Why? 



references 



Lewis (Poultry Keeping), Chapters 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. 
Lewis (Productive Poultry Husbandry), Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9. 




6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 



n 



—68— 

Brigham (Progressive Poultry Culture), Chapter 9. 
Warren (Farm Management), pp. 396-397, 
Missouri Circulars Nos. 80, 75, Bulletin ISTo. 107, Mountain 
Grove, Bulletin No. 4. 

VII. Food and Feeding for Laying Hens. 

What kind of rations should the pullets be fed? 
What are the necessary things to consider in a ration? 
How should broody hens be cared for? 
How often should hens be fed? 

EEFERENCES : 

Lewis (Poultry Keeping), Chapters 30, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. 
Lewis (Productive Poultry Husbandry), pp. 184-220. 
Brigham (Progressive Poultry Culture), Chapter 6, 
Missouri Circular No. 79. 

VIII. Marketing Eggs and Culls. 

Shall I produce eggs for hatching purposes or for food? 
When should a rooster be kept with hens? 
Why is it necessary to keep the eggs clean? 
How often should eggs be gathered? 

How often marketed ? Why ? Bulletin, '"'Swat the Eooster," Moun- 
tain Grove Exp. Station, Mt. Grove, Mo. 
How is the most profitable way of preserving eggs? 
Will it be possible for me to demand a special market for my eggs? 
When, shall I dispose of my young roosters? 
How shall I dispose of the culls from my laying flock? 

REFERENCES : 

Lewis (Poultry Keeping), pp. 275-276. 
Lewis (Productive Poultrv Husbandry), Chapter 25. 
Brigham (Progressive Poultry Culture), Chapter 8. 
Missouri Universitv Circular No. 70. 



IX. Enemies. 

1. How will I prevent diseases in my flock ? 

2. How can I control lice, mites, scaly legs, simple canker, diphtheria, 

roup, diarrhea, cholera, limberneck, worms and gape? 

references : 

Lewis (Poultry Keeping), Chapters 30, 31, 32. 

Lewis (Productive Poultry Husbandry), Chapter 28. 

Brio-ham (Progressive Poultry Culture), pp. 132-161. 

E. JPearl, F. M. Sur-face, M. R". Curtis (Diseases of Poultry). 

Karepp (Poultry Diseases). 

Wortley (Poultry Diseases). 

Poultrv Diseases, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 

Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 41, 51, 228, 257, 287, 957. 

Poultry Diseases, Maine Bulletins Nos. 166, 192, 231. 



—69- 



EEFEEENCES TPIAT. SHOULD BE READ. 

Lewis (Poultry Keeping). 
J. H. Eoberson (Principles and Practice). 

American Standards of Perfection, American Association, Mansfield, 
Ohio. 

W. A. Lippincott (Ponltrj'- Prodnction). 

E. Pearl, F. M. Surface, M. E. Curtis (Diseases of Poultry). 

Corbett (The Poultry Yard and Market). 

Purvis (Poultry Breeding). 

Wright (Practical Poultry Keeping). 

Karepp (Poultry Breeding). 

Wortley (Poultry Diseases). 

Poultr)^ Diseases, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 

Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 41, 51, 228, 257, 287, 957. 

Poultry Diseases, Maine Bulletins Nos. 166, 192, 231. 

Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 552, 287, 585, 624, 889, 830, 656, 806. 

Henry & Morrison (Feeds and Feeding). 

Warren (Farm Management). 

Lewis (Productive Poultry Husbandry). 

Brigham (Progressive Poultry Culture). 

Missouri Circulars Nos. 70, 79, 75, 80, 26, 8. 

Moutain Grove Exp. Station Bulletins Nos. 4, 8, 15, 17, 19. 

Missouri Bulletin No. 107. 



.k 



